Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 1995, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryagaragaje ko ku ya 24 Werurwe ari umunsi mpuzamahanga w'igituntu.
1 Gusobanukirwa igituntu
Igituntu (TB) ni indwara idakira, nanone yitwa "indwara yo kurya".Nindwara yandura cyane idakira iterwa na mycobacterium igituntu yibasira umubiri wumuntu.Ntabwo byatewe nimyaka, igitsina, ubwoko, akazi nakarere.Ibice byinshi hamwe na sisitemu yumubiri wabantu birashobora kurwara igituntu, muribo igituntu gikunze kugaragara.
Igituntu n'indwara idakira yandura iterwa na Mycobacterium igituntu, yibasira ingingo z'umubiri wose.Kubera ko ahantu hakunze kwandurira ari ibihaha, bakunze kwita igituntu.
Kurenga 90% byanduye igituntu yandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.Abarwayi b'igituntu banduzwa no gukorora, kwitsamura, gusakuza cyane, bigatuma ibitonyanga bifite igituntu (ubuvuzi bita microdroplets) bisohoka mu mubiri bigahumeka n'abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza.
2 Kuvura abarwayi b'igituntu
Kuvura ibiyobyabwenge nibyo nkingi yo kuvura igituntu.Ugereranije nubundi bwoko bwindwara ya bagiteri, kuvura igituntu birashobora gufata igihe kirekire.Kugirango igituntu gikora neza, imiti igabanya ubukana igomba gufatwa byibuze amezi 6 kugeza 9.Imiti yihariye nigihe cyo kuvura biterwa nimyaka yumurwayi, ubuzima muri rusange no kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge.
Iyo abarwayi barwanya imiti yo kumurongo wa mbere, bagomba gusimburwa nibiyobyabwenge byo kumurongo wa kabiri.Imiti ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura igituntu kitarwanya ibiyobyabwenge igituntu kirimo isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EB), pyrazinamide (PZA) na streptomycine (SM).Iyi miti itanu yitwa imiti yo ku murongo wa mbere kandi ifite akamaro ku barenga 80% by'abarwayi b'igituntu gishya banduye.
3 Ikibazo cyigituntu nigisubizo
Ikibazo: Igituntu gishobora gukira?
Igisubizo: 90% by'abarwayi bafite igituntu cy'igituntu barashobora gukira nyuma yo gutsimbarara ku miti isanzwe no kurangiza inzira yagenwe yo kuvura (amezi 6-9).Impinduka iyo ari yo yose yo kuvura igomba kugenwa na muganga.Niba udafashe imiti ku gihe ukarangiza inzira yo kuvura, bizagutera byoroshye kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge igituntu.Iyo ibiyobyabwenge bimaze kubaho, inzira yo kuvura izaramba kandi bizaganisha ku kunanirwa kwivuza.
Ikibazo: Ni iki abarwayi b'igituntu bagomba kwitondera mugihe cyo kuvura?
Igisubizo: Umaze gusuzumwa nigituntu, ugomba guhora wivuza kurwanya igituntu vuba bishoboka, ugakurikiza inama za muganga, gufata imiti mugihe, kugenzura buri gihe no kubaka icyizere.1. Witondere kuruhuka no gushimangira imirire;2. Witondere isuku yumuntu ku giti cye, kandi upfuke umunwa nizuru ukoresheje igitambaro cyimpapuro mugihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye;3. Gabanya gusohoka no kwambara mask mugihe ugomba gusohoka.
Ikibazo: Igituntu kiracyanduye nyuma yo gukira?
Igisubizo: Nyuma yo kuvurwa bisanzwe, kwandura abarwayi b'igituntu cy'igituntu bikunze kugabanuka vuba.Nyuma yibyumweru byinshi bivura, umubare wa bagiteri yigituntu muri spum uzagabanuka cyane.Abenshi mu barwayi bafite igituntu kitanduye indwara y'igituntu barangiza inzira zose zo kuvura bakurikije gahunda yo kuvura.Nyuma yo kugera ku gipimo cyo gukiza, nta bagiteri yigituntu ishobora kuboneka mu gihumyo, bityo ntibaba bakanduye.
Ikibazo: Igituntu kiracyanduye nyuma yo gukira?
Igisubizo: Nyuma yo kuvurwa bisanzwe, kwandura abarwayi b'igituntu cy'igituntu bikunze kugabanuka vuba.Nyuma yibyumweru byinshi bivura, umubare wa bagiteri yigituntu muri spum uzagabanuka cyane.Abenshi mu barwayi bafite igituntu kitanduye indwara y'igituntu barangiza inzira zose zo kuvura bakurikije gahunda yo kuvura.Nyuma yo kugera ku gipimo cyo gukiza, nta bagiteri yigituntu ishobora kuboneka mu gihumyo, bityo ntibaba bakanduye.
Umuti w'igituntu
Macro & Micro-Ikizamini gitanga ibicuruzwa bikurikira:
KumenyaMTB (Mycobacterium tuberculose) aside nucleic
1. Itangizwa ryimbere yimbere yimbere muri sisitemu irashobora gukurikirana byimazeyo inzira yubushakashatsi no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwubushakashatsi.
2. Kwiyongera kwa PCR hamwe na fluorescent probe irashobora guhuzwa.
3. Ubukangurambaga bukabije: igipimo ntarengwa cyo kumenya ni bagiteri 1 / mL.
Kumenyakurwanya isoniazid muri MTB
1. Itangizwa ryimbere yimbere yimbere muri sisitemu irashobora gukurikirana byimazeyo inzira yubushakashatsi no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwubushakashatsi.
2. Hashyizweho uburyo bwo guhindura imikorere ya amplification-blocation ya mutation ihinduka, hanyuma hakoreshwa uburyo bwo guhuza ikoranabuhanga rya ARMS na probe ya fluorescent.
3. Ubukangurambaga bukabije: igipimo ntarengwa cyo gutahura ni bagiteri 1000 / mL, kandi imiti irwanya ibiyobyabwenge itangana hamwe na 1% cyangwa irenga ya mutant irashobora kuboneka.
4. Umwihariko: Nta reaction yambukiranya ihinduka rya (511, 516, 526 na 531) ibibanza bine birwanya ibiyobyabwenge bya rpoB.
Kumenya ihinduka ryaMTB na Rifampicin Kurwanya
1. Itangizwa ryimbere yimbere yimbere muri sisitemu irashobora gukurikirana byimazeyo inzira yubushakashatsi no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwubushakashatsi.
2. Uburyo bwo gushonga umurongo uhujwe hamwe na fluorescent probe ifunze ibirindiro bya RNA byakoreshejwe mugushakisha vitro amplification detection.
3. Ubukangurambaga bukabije: igipimo ntarengwa cyo kumenya ni bagiteri 50 / mL.
4. Umwihariko wihariye: nta reaction yambukiranya genome yabantu, izindi mycobacteria nontuberculous mycobacteria na pneumonia patogene;Ibibanza byahinduwe nizindi genes zirwanya ibiyobyabwenge byubwoko bwigituntu cyitwa mycobacterium igituntu, nka katG 315G> C \ A na InhA -15 C> T, byagaragaye, kandi ibisubizo byerekanaga ko nta reaction yabyo.
Kumenya aside nucleic ya MTB (EPIA)
1. Itangizwa ryimbere yimbere yimbere muri sisitemu irashobora gukurikirana byimazeyo inzira yubushakashatsi no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwubushakashatsi.
2. Enzyme digestion probe ihora yubushyuhe bwo kongera ubushyuhe bwakoreshejwe, kandi igihe cyo gutahura ni gito, kandi ibisubizo byo kubibona birashobora kuboneka muminota 30.
3. Ufatanije na Macro & Micro-Ikigereranyo cyicyitegererezo cyo kurekura hamwe na Macro & Micro-Ikizamini gihoraho ubushyuhe bwa nucleic acide amplification isesengura, biroroshye gukora kandi bibereye ahantu hatandukanye.
4. Ubukangurambaga bukabije: igipimo ntarengwa cyo kumenya ni 1000Copies / mL.
5. Umwihariko wo hejuru: Nta reaction yambukiranya izindi mycobacteria zo mu bwoko bwa mycobacteria zitari igituntu (nka Mycobacterium kansas, Mycobacterium Sukarnica, Mycobacterium marinum, nibindi) hamwe nizindi ndwara ziterwa na virusi (nka Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus grippee, Esemofilus grippe, .).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-22-2024