Muri Mata 2026, ubwato bw'intambara bwo mu Buholandi bwari bufite ibendera rya polarMS HondiusYavuye muri Ushuaia, muri Arijantine. Ku itariki ya 6 Mata, umugenzi yagize umuriro n'umutwe, maze apfa nyuma y'iminsi itanu. Umugore we na we yararwaye arapfa nyuma yo kwimurirwa muri Afurika y'Epfo. Nyuma yaho, umugenzi w'Umwongereza w'imyaka 69 yapimwe arwaye virusi ya hantavirusi kandi aracyari mu cyumba cy'ubuvuzi. Ku itariki ya 13 Gicurasi, nk'uko Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryabitangaje.Abantu 11 banduye n'abapfuye 3bifitanye isano n'icyorezo cyabaye mu bwato.
I. Incamake ya virusi n'ubwoko bw'indwara
Hantavirusi ni itsinda rya virusi za RNA zitwarwa ahanini n'imbeba, zo mu bwoko bwa Orthohantaviruse zo mu muryango wa Bunyaviridae. Genome yazo igizwe naibice bitatu (L, M, na S), ikora poroteyine ya RNA ishingiye kuri RNA, glycoproteins, na nucleocapsid, uko bikurikirana. Hashingiwe ku buryo ikwirakwira ry'ahantu n'ibimenyetso by'ubuvuzi, hantavirusi zishyirwa mu byiciroamatsinda abiri akomeye:
Hantavirusi zo mu Isi ya Kera(iboneka mu Burayi, muri Aziya no muri Afurika) impamvuUmuriro wo kuva amaraso hamwe n'indwara y'impyiko (HFRS)Virusi zihariye zirimo virusi ya Hantaan (HTNV), virusi ya Seoul (SEOV), na virusi ya Puumala (PUUV). Zibasira cyane cyane impyiko, bigatera ubumuga bw'impyiko, kuva amaraso menshi, no mu bihe bikomeye, guhungabana. Igipimo cy'impfu gitandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa virusi ariko muri rusange gitandukanye kuva kuri<1% kugeza kuri 5-15%.
Virusi za hantavirusi zo mu Isi Nshya(ikwirakwira muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'iy'Amajyepfo) impamvuIndwara y'ibihaha ya Hantavirus (HPS). Virusi zihagarariye izindi zirimo virusi ya Sin Nombre (SNV) na virusi ya Andes (ANDV). Zibasira cyane cyane ibihaha, bigatera indwara y’ibihaha idaterwa n’umutima, kubabara cyane mu myanya y’ubuhumekero, no kugabanuka k’umutima n’amaraso. Ibimenyetso by’ibanze bisa n’ibicurane (umuriro, indwara ya myalgia, indwara z’igifu), ariko indwara ishobora guhita igera ku kunanirwa guhumeka, hamwe n’indwara.igipimo cy'impfu kigera kuri 30-50%.
Icyorezo cy’ubwato bw’amato cyatewe ahanini n’Virusi ya Andes (ANDV), ari iyaIndwara y'ibihaha ya Hantavirus (HPS)ubwoko bumwe.
II. Virusi gakondo ya Hantavirusi ifitanye isano na HFRS vs. Virusi ya Andes (HPS)
III. Uburyo bwo kohereza amakuru
Hantavirusi yandurira ahanini binyuze mugukora ku buryo butaziguye ku mwanda, amacandwe, cyangwa inkari by'imbeba zanduye, cyangwa naguhumeka imyanda irimo umwukaIzindi nzira zishoboka zirimo:
-Kurumwa cyangwa gukubitwa n'imbeba zanduye;
-Kurya ibiryo byanduye inkari, amabyi cyangwa amacandwe byanduye;
- Gukora ku maso, ku mazuru, cyangwa ku munwa nyuma yo gukora ku bintu byanduye.
Kwanduzanya hagati y'abantu ni gake cyane, ariko byemejwe koVirusi ya Andes (ANDV).
IV. Gukurikirana uko Hantavirus iteye ku isi – Gupima no gukurikirana aside ya nucleic nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi
Nyuma y’icyorezo cya ANDV, inzego z’ubuzima mu bihugu birenga icumi - harimo Esipanye, Ubwongereza, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada, n’Ubusuwisi - icyarimwe zatangije igikorwa cyo gukurikirana abanduye no kugenzura akato. Ubufaransa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, n’ibindi byakomeje gukurikirana ubuzima bw’abaturage babyo bagarutse bavuye mu bwato bwangiritse.
Muri ubu buryo bwo gutabara mu bihe by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze bw’ibihugu byinshi,gupima aside nucleique no gukurikirana genomiquebagize uruhare rw'ingenzi cyane:
-Gupima aside y'ingirabuzimafatizoitanga ibimenyetso bifatika byo kumenya vuba indwara ziterwa n'udukoko;
-Gukurikirana genomikeitanga ibimenyetso bidasubirwaho bya molekile mu gukurikirana inkomoko y'ubwandu, kwemeza uruhererekane rw'ubwandu, no gusuzuma impinduka za virusi.
V. Ibisubizo byo Gusuzuma Hantavirusi (cyane cyane Ubwoko bwa HPS)
1. Kumenya indwara hakiri kare
1.1 Gupima aho umuntu atuye (POCT)
Gusuzuma no gupima byihutirwa neza –icyitegererezo cyo kugeraho mu isaha imwe.
1.2 PCR isanzwe
2. Ibisubizo byo Gukurikirana Ibyiciro
Ku bijyanye no kumenya indwara zitera indwara no gukurikirana icyorezo mu gihe cy'indwaraumuriro utazwi inkomoko, ibibazo byo guhumeka, cyangwa ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso.
Ibiranga by'ingenzi:
VI. Amakuru y'imikorere yemejwe
Hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku isuzuma rya genome yose yanduye hantavirusi>99% by'ubwinshi bwa genome ku bujyakuzimu bwa 30×.
Gusesengura imiterere y’ibinyabuzima bya hantavirusi bishingiye ku mazi mabi no gusesengura igipimo cy’ibinyabuzima byanduye birashoboka.
VII. Ibikoresho bifitanye isano
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-14-2026