Udushya mu gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura: Guhuza amabwiriza ya OMS n'urubuga rwo gupima virusi ya HPV rwikora rwose

1. Umutwaro w'indwara ya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ku isi n'ibibazo byo gusuzuma indwara

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura iracyari ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima rusange ku isi, nubwo ishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu gupimwa neza no gufashwa hakiri kare. Nk'uko bivugwa n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), mu 2022, hagaragaye ko kanseri nshya 662.000 n'impfu 349.000 ku isi yose, ikaba ari yo ya kane ikunze kugaragara cyane ndetse ikaba n'impamvu ya kane y'impfu ziterwa na kanseri mu bagore. Umutwaro w'indwara wibasiwe cyane mu bihugu bifite amikoro make n'aciriritse (LMICs), aho umubare w'abapfa uba uri hejuru cyane ugereranije n'abafite amikoro menshi. Biterwa ahanini no kutagira gahunda nziza zo gusuzuma no kuvura neza ibisebe bitarafatwa mbere y'uko habaho kanseri, byiyongereyeho:

- Ibikorwa remezo byo kugenzura bidahari cyangwa bifite intege nke:Kutagira serivisi zo gusuzuma zigezweho kandi zinoze.

-Ibibazo by'amikoro:Ibikorwa remezo bike bya laboratwari, ibikoresho bikonjesha, n'amashanyarazi yizewe.

-Ibura ry'abakozi:Kutagira abakozi bahuguwe muri laboratwari no mu buvuzi.

-Gutinda no gutsindwa mu gukurikirana:Igihe cyo gutinda hagati yo gukusanya ingero no kuboneka kw'ibisubizo, bigatera gutinda mu micungire y'ubuvuzi cyangwa abarwayi bakabura aho bakurikiranwa [1].

2. Inkomoko n'ishingiro rya molekile ry'indwara ya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura

Kwandura indwara idakira iterwa na virusi ya papilloma y’umuntu (HR-HPV) ni impamvu y’ingenzi itera kanseri y’inkondo y’umura. Mu bwoko bwa HPV burenga 200 bwagaragaye, nibura ubwoko 12 bwashyizwe mu cyiciro cya mbere cy’indwara zitera kanseri (Itsinda rya 1) n’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku Kanseri (IARC).

Ku rwego rwa molekile, kanseri iterwa na HPV iterwa ahanini na poroteyine za virusi za oncoproteins E6 na E7. E6 itera kwangirika kwa poroteyine igabanya ikibyimba p53, mu gihe E7 ihagarika imikorere ya poroteyine ya retinoblastoma (Rb), bigatuma uruhererekane rw'uturemangingo rudakora neza ndetse n'impinduka mbi.

3. Ingamba zo gusuzuma zisabwa na OMS

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima usaba ko gupima aside nucleic acid (NAT) ari bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura bukoreshwa cyane.

Abaturage muri rusange:ADN ya HPV cyangwa NAT zishingiye kuri mRNA

Abagore babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA:NAT zishingiye kuri HPV ADN

Ibihe byo gusuzuma:

Abagore bari hagati y'imyaka 30 na 65: Buri myaka 5-10

Abagore babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA: Buri myaka 3–5

Ugereranije n'uburyo bushingiye ku buvuzi bw'indwara ya kanseri, gupima HPV bigaragazaubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu byinshikandi itangaagaciro gakomeye k'ubuhanuzi bw'ibintu bibi, bigatuma habaho igihe kirekire kandi gihendutse cyo gusuzuma.

4. OMS yibanda ku bicuruzwa bya HPV mu gupima

OMS yashyizeho uburyo bwoUmwirondoro w'ibicuruzwa byitezwe (TPP)ku bipimo byo gupima HPV byagenewe gukoreshwa mu bice by’ibanze kandi bifite ubushobozi buke.[1]

Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga umuntu birimo:

-Guhuza n'ibipimo byikusanyirijwe hamwe

-Gusuzuma ubwoko bwinshi bwa HPV bufite ibyago byinshi (ubwoko ≥12)

-Gukora kw'abakozi batari abahanga muri laboratwari

-Ibisubizo biboneka mu gihe kimwe cy'ubuvuzi

Ibi bipimo bishyigikira gupima aho umuntu atuye ndetse n'ingamba zo "gupima no kuvura".

5. Urubuga rw'ikoranabuhanga rwo gupima HPV rufite ibyago byinshi rwo kwihutisha

Sisitemu ya AIO800 ya Macro & Micro-Test itangauburyo bw'imikorere bwikora bw'ingero zo gusubizaguhuza gukuramo aside nucleique, kongera imbaraga, no kuyimenya hakurikijwe ingamba zo gusuzuma zisabwa na OMS.

5.1 Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini cyo gusubiza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga

Uru rubuga ruhuza gukuramo aside nucleic, kongera imbaraga, no kuyimenya muri sisitemu imwe ifunze, isaba ko hagira uruhare runini mu kuyikoresha. Iyi miterere:

-Igabanya kwishingikiriza ku bakozi ba laboratwari bihariye

-Igabanya ihindagurika ry'imikorere n'ibyago byo kwandura

-Ifasha mu gushyiraho inzego z'ubuvuzi mu nzego z'ibanze

Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoresha imiti bushyigikira ikoreshwa muri laboratwari zihuriweho, bityo bigafasha gahunda nini zo gusuzuma.

5.2 Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ibinyabuzima mu buryo bwagutse

Ubu buryo bupima ubwoko 14 bwa HPV bufite ibyago byinshi, harimo ubwoko bwose 12 butera kanseri bwashyizwe mu byiciro na IARC (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, na 59), ndetse na HPV66 na HPV68.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko itangaisesengura ry'imiterere y'ibinyabuzima ryihariyeibisubizo, bigatuma habaho ibyiciro by'ibyago no gucunga neza ubuvuzi.

5.3 Uburyo bwo gusesengura no kuvura ingaruka zabyo

Iyo habonetse kopi 300 ku gipimo cya mL, iyi sisitemu irashobora kumenya ubwandu bwa HPV bwo hasi butera:

-Gutahura hakiri kare indwara zijyanye n'ubuvuzi

-Agaciro k'iteganyagihe karushijeho kuba kabi

-Inkunga yo gupima igihe kirekire

5.4 Inkunga yo kwifashisha mu gupima

Uru rubuga rujyanye na byombiIngero z'inkari zo mu mura n'ingero z'inkari zakusanyijwe n'umuntu ubweguhuza n'inama za OMS kugira ngo hakemurwe imbogamizi z'ingenzi ku isuzuma ry'indwara, harimo:

-Kugera ku bigo nderabuzima bike

-Ibibazo by'umuco mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage

-Kubabara kw'umurwayi kubera gupimwa hakoreshejwe abaganga

Gupima abantu ubwabo byagaragaye ko byongera ubwitabire muri gahunda zo gusuzuma, cyane cyane mu baturage batishoboye.

5.5 Ikoranabuhanga rya Lyophilized Reagent ryo kubika ahantu hose

Kugira ngo harusheho kunozwa uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo buciriritse, sisitemu ikubiyemoibinini byumye bya lyophilized (byakonjeshejwe)bihoraho mu bushyuhe bw'ikirere, bitanga inyungu nyinshi mu mikorere:

-Kwigenga mu buryo bukonje: Bikuraho gukenera gutwara no kubika ibintu muri firigo

-Kurushaho kugira ubusugire: Bikomeza ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire mu bihe bitandukanye by'ibidukikije

-Ibintu byoroshye: Bigabanya ibisabwa mu bikorwa remezo n'ikiguzi cy'imikorere

- Kongera ubushobozi bwo kugera ku buntu: Bifasha mu gukwirakwiza mu turere twa kure cyangwa tudakorerwamo serivisi nziza

6. Umwanzuro

Impinduka kuva ku gusuzuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa cytology kugera ku gupima hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa HPV bigaragaza impinduka mu kwirinda kanseri y'inkondo y'umura. Mu kwibanda ku mpamvu nyamukuru y'indwara aho kwibanda ku mpinduka mu miterere yayo, gupima HPV bitumagupima hakiri kare kandi byihuseby'abantu bari mu kaga.

Byongeye kandi, urubuga rwuzuye rw’isuzumabumenyi rya molekile rutanga uburyo bufatika bwo gutsinda inzitizi zihari mu gutanga isuzuma.imikorere yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu isesengura, byoroshye gukora no gushyigikira isuzumabumenyi bwite,AIO800 ifite ubushobozi bwo kwagura uburyo bwo gusuzuma, kunoza uburyo bwo kuvura hakiri kare, no kugira uruhare mu kugabanya umutwaro wa kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ku isi.

Amareferensi:

1. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima. Urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa byibandwaho kugira ngo hamenyekane kanseri y'inkondo y'umura mbere y'uko ikwirakwira. Geneva: OMS; 2024.