1 Malariya ni iki
Malariya ni indwara ishobora kwirindwa kandi ivurwa, izwi nka "shakes" na "inkongoro", kandi ni imwe mu ndwara zandura zibangamiye ubuzima bw'abantu ku isi.
Malariya ni indwara yandura iterwa n'udukoko iterwa no kurumwa na Anopheles cyangwa guterwa amaraso n'abantu bafite plasmodium.
Hari ubwoko bune bwa plasmodium parasite ku mubiri w'umuntu:
Uduce 2 tw'icyorezo
Kugeza ubu, icyorezo cya malariya ku isi kiracyari gikomeye cyane, kandi hafi 40% by'abatuye isi batuye mu turere twakunze kugaragaramo malariya.
Malariya iracyari indwara ikomeye cyane ku mugabane wa Afurika, aho abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 500 batuye mu turere twakunze kugaragaramo malariya. Buri mwaka, abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 100 ku isi yose bagira ibimenyetso bya malariya, 90% muri bo bakaba bari ku mugabane wa Afurika, kandi abantu barenga miliyoni 2 bapfa bazize malariya buri mwaka. Aziya yo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba no hagati ni uturere turangwamo malariya. Malariya iracyari nyinshi muri Amerika yo hagati n'iy'Epfo.
Ku itariki ya 30 Kamena 2021, OMS yatangaje ko Ubushinwa bwemejwe ko butarangwamo malariya.
3 inzira yanduriramo malariya
01. Kwanduzanya kw'imibu
Inzira nyamukuru yo kohereza amakuru:
Yarumwe n'umubu urimo plasmodium.
02. Kwanduzanya amaraso
Malariya ivukanwa ishobora guterwa n'ingobyi yangiritse cyangwa amaraso y'umubyeyi yandujwe na plasmodium mu gihe cyo kubyara.
Byongeye kandi, birashoboka kandi kwandura malariya ukoresheje amaraso yanduye plasmodium.
4 Ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya malariya
Kuva ku kwandura kwa plasmodium ku bantu kugeza ku ntangiriro (ubushyuhe bwo mu kanwa buri hejuru ya 37.8℃), byitwa igihe cyo gukubitwa.
Igihe cyo kwibasira kigizwe n'igihe cyose cyo kwibasira infrared hamwe n'igihe cya mbere cyo kubyara cy'igihe cy'umutuku. Malariya rusange ya vivax, malariya ya ovoid mu gihe cy'iminsi 14, malariya ya falciparum mu gihe cy'iminsi 12, na malariya y'iminsi itatu mu gihe cy'iminsi 30.
Ingano zitandukanye za protozoa zanduye, ubwoko butandukanye, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bw'umuntu butandukanye n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kwandura byose bishobora gutera ibihe bitandukanye byo kwibasira.
Hari ubwoko bw'udukoko twitwa long latency mu turere dushyuha cyane, dushobora kumara amezi 8 kugeza kuri 14.
Igihe cyo kwibasira ubwandu bwo guterwa amaraso ni iminsi 7 kugeza 10. Malariya y'uruhinja igira igihe gito cyo kwibasira.
Igihe cyo kwibasira gishobora kongerwa ku bantu bafite ubudahangarwa runaka cyangwa abafashe imiti yo kwirinda indwara.
5 Kwirinda no kuvura
01. Malariya ikwirakwizwa n'imibu. Kwirinda ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu kwirinda kurumwa n'imibu. Cyane cyane hanze, gerageza kwambara imyenda yo kwirinda, nk'amaboko maremare n'ipantaro. Uruhu rugaragara rushobora gusigwa n'imibu itera umuti.
02. Kora akazi keza mu bijyanye no kurengera umuryango, koresha inzitiramibu, shyiramo inzugi n'ibice bikingira, kandi utere imiti yica imibu mu cyumba cyo kuraramo mbere yo kuryama.
03. Kwita ku isuku y'ibidukikije, gukuraho imyanda n'ibyatsi bibi, wuzuze ibyobo by'imyanda, kandi ukore akazi keza mu kurwanya imibu.
igisubizo
Macro-Micro na Tikoreshwayateguye urutonde rw'ibikoresho byo gupima malariya, bishobora gukoreshwa kuri platifomu ya PCR ya fluorescence, platifomu yo kongera imbaraga mu bushyuhe n'platifomu yo gupima indwara, kandi bitanga igisubizo rusange kandi cyuzuye cyo gusuzuma, gukurikirana uburyo bwo kuvura no gupima ubwandu bwa plasmodium:
01/urutonde rw'ingufu zirinda indwara
Plasmodium Falciparum/Plasmodium Vivax AntigenAgakoresho ko Gutahura
Agakoresho ko gupima antigen ya Plasmodium falciparum
Agakoresho ko gupima antijeni ya Plasmodium
Irakwiriye mu gupima no kumenya Plasmodium falciparum (PF), Plasmodium vivax (PV), Plasmodium ovatum (PO) cyangwa Plasmodium vivax (PM) mu maraso yo mu mitsi cyangwa mu maraso yo mu mitsi y’abantu bafite ibimenyetso bya malariya n’ibimenyetso byayo, kandi ishobora gusuzuma ubwandu bwa plasmodium mu buryo bw’inyongera.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora: uburyo bw'intambwe eshatu
Kubika no gutwara ubushyuhe bw'icyumba: Kubika no gutwara ubushyuhe bw'icyumba mu gihe cy'amezi 24.
Ibisubizo nyabyo: ubushobozi bwo kumenya no gusesengura ibintu mu buryo bwihariye.
Urubuga rwa PCR rwa 02/fluorescent
Agakoresho ko gupima aside nucleique ya Plasmodium
Irakwiriye mu gupima no kumenya Plasmodium falciparum (PF), Plasmodium vivax (PV), Plasmodium ovatum (PO) cyangwa Plasmodium vivax (PM) mu maraso yo mu mitsi cyangwa mu maraso yo mu mitsi y’abantu bafite ibimenyetso bya malariya n’ibimenyetso byayo, kandi ishobora gusuzuma ubwandu bwa plasmodium mu buryo bw’inyongera.
Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bw'imbere: gukurikirana mu buryo bwuzuye inzira y'igerageza kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge bw'igerageza.
Ububasha bwo kwihuta cyane: Kopi 5/μL
Uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvura indwara: nta ndwara ihuriweho n'udukoko dusanzwe dutera indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.
03/Urubuga rwo kongera ubushyuhe buri gihe.
Agakoresho ko gupima aside nucleique ya Plasmodium
Irakwiriye mu gupima neza aside nucleique ya plasmodium mu maraso yo mu mpande akekwaho kwandura na plasmodium.
Igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bw'imbere: gukurikirana mu buryo bwuzuye inzira y'igerageza kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge bw'igerageza.
Ububasha bwo kwihuta cyane: Kopi 5/μL
Uburyo bworoshye bwo kuvura indwara: nta ndwara ihuriweho n'udukoko dusanzwe dutera indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 26 Mata 2024