Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) yateje abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni amagana ndetse na miliyoni z'abantu bapfa kuva yatangira mu mpera za 2019, bikaba byihutirwa ku buzima ku isi. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryashyize ahagaragara "ibintu bitanu bihinduka".[1]aribyo Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta na Omicron, na Omicron mutant ni yo yiganje mu cyorezo ku isi muri iki gihe. Nyuma yo kwandura mutant ya Omicron, ibimenyetso ni byoroheje, ariko kubantu badasanzwe nkabantu badafite ubudahangarwa, abasaza, indwara zidakira ndetse nabana, ibyago byindwara zikomeye cyangwa n’urupfu nyuma yo kwandura biracyari byinshi. Umubare w'abahitanwa n'indwara ya mutant muri Omicron, amakuru nyayo ku isi yerekana ko impuzandengo y'abapfa bapfa bangana na 0,75%, ibyo bikaba bikubye inshuro 7 kugeza 8 z'ibicurane, kandi umubare w'abahitanwa n'abantu bageze mu za bukuru, cyane cyane abarengeje imyaka 80, urenga 10%, ibyo bikaba bikubye hafi inshuro 100 ibicurane bisanzwe.[2]. Indwara zikunze kugaragara mu kwandura ni umuriro, inkorora, umuhogo wumye, kubabara mu muhogo, myalgia, n'ibindi. Abarwayi bakomeye barashobora kugira dyspnea na / cyangwa hypoxemia.
Hariho ubwoko bune bwa virusi yibicurane: A, B, C na D. Ubwoko bw'ibyorezo nyamukuru ni ubwoko bwa A (H1N1) na H3N2, hamwe na B (Victoria na Yamagata). Ibicurane biterwa na virusi yibicurane bizatera icyorezo cyigihe ndetse nicyorezo kitateganijwe buri mwaka, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bukabije. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, buri mwaka abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 3.4 bavurwa indwara z’ibicurane[3], hamwe n’abantu bagera ku 88.100 b’indwara z’ubuhumekero ziterwa n’ibicurane zitera urupfu, bangana na 8.2% by’indwara z’ubuhumekero[4]. Ibimenyetso byubuvuzi birimo umuriro, kubabara umutwe, myalgia hamwe no gukorora byumye. Amatsinda afite ibyago byinshi, nk'abagore batwite, impinja, abasaza n'abarwayi bafite indwara zidakira, bakunze kwibasirwa n'umusonga ndetse n'ibindi bibazo, bishobora gutera urupfu mu bihe bikomeye.
1 COVID-19 ifite ibicurane.
Kwandura ibicurane hamwe na COVID-19 birashobora kongera ingaruka zindwara. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu Bwongereza bwerekana ko[5], ugereranije no kwandura COVID-19 yonyine, ibyago byo guhumeka imashini ndetse n’impfu z’ibitaro ku barwayi ba COVID-19 banduye ibicurane byiyongereyeho inshuro 4.14 ninshuro 2,35.
Ishuri Rikuru ryubuvuzi rya Tongji rya Huazhong University of Science and Technology ryasohoye ubushakashatsi[6], yarimo ubushakashatsi 95 burimo abarwayi 62,107 muri COVID-19. Umubare w'abanduye virusi ya grippe wanduye wari 2,45%, muri yo ibicurane A bikaba bifite umubare munini ugereranije. Ugereranije n’abarwayi banduye COVID-19 gusa, abarwayi bafatanije na grippe A bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye, harimo kwinjira muri ICU, inkunga yo guhumeka no gupfa. Nubwo ubwandu bwa virusi ari buke, abarwayi banduye bahura n’ingaruka zikomeye z’ingaruka zikomeye.
Meta-isesengura ryerekana ko[7], ugereranije na B-stream, A-stream birashoboka cyane ko yandura COVID-19. Mu barwayi 143 banduye, 74% banduye A-stream, naho 20% banduye B-stream. Kwandura hamwe bishobora gutera uburwayi bukomeye bw'abarwayi, cyane cyane mu matsinda atishoboye nk'abana.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bana n'ingimbi bari munsi y’imyaka 18 bari mu bitaro cyangwa bapfuye bazize ibicurane mu gihe cy’ibicurane muri Amerika mu 2021-22.[8]ko ibintu byo kwandura ibicurane muri COVID-19 bikwiye kwitabwaho. Mu banduye ibicurane bijyanye n'ibicurane, 6% bafatanije na COVID-19 na grippe, kandi umubare w'impfu ziterwa na grippe wazamutse ugera kuri 16%. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko abarwayi banduye COVID-19 na grippe bakeneye infashanyo z’ubuhumekero zidatera kandi zidatera cyane kurusha abanduye ibicurane gusa, kandi bagaragaza ko kwandura indwara bishobora gutera indwara zikomeye ku bana.
Gusuzuma itandukaniro rya grippe na COVID-19.
Indwara nshya n'ibicurane byanduye cyane, kandi hari aho bihuriye n'ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe by’amavuriro, nka umuriro, inkorora na myalgia. Nyamara, gahunda yo kuvura izo virusi zombi ziratandukanye, kandi imiti igabanya ubukana ikoreshwa iratandukanye. Mugihe cyo kuvura, imiti irashobora guhindura imiterere yubuvuzi isanzwe yindwara, bigatuma bigorana gusuzuma indwara gusa nibimenyetso. Niyo mpamvu, gusuzuma neza COVID-19 na grippe bigomba gushingira ku gutandukanya virusi kugira ngo abarwayi bashobore kuvurwa neza kandi neza.
Ibyifuzo byinshi byumvikanyweho kubijyanye no gusuzuma no kuvura byerekana ko kumenya neza virusi ya COVID-19 na grippe hakoreshejwe ibizamini bya laboratoire ari ngombwa cyane mugutegura gahunda yo kuvura neza.
Plan Gahunda yo gusuzuma no kuvura ibicurane (Edition Edition)》[9]na osis Gukura ibicurane by'ibicurane no kuvura bisanzwe Impuguke zihutirwa (2022 Edition)》[10]byose byerekana neza ko ibicurane bisa n'indwara zimwe na zimwe ziri muri COVID-19, na COVID-19 ifite ibimenyetso byoroheje kandi bisanzwe nko kugira umuriro, inkorora yumye no kubabara mu muhogo, ntibyoroshye gutandukanya ibicurane; Kugaragara bikabije kandi bikomeye harimo umusonga ukabije, syndrome de acute de respiratory depression no kudakora neza kw'ingingo, ibyo bikaba bisa no kugaragara kwa clinique yibicurane bikomeye kandi bikomeye, kandi bigomba gutandukanywa na etiologiya.
Gahunda yo gusuzuma no kuvura indwara ya coronavirus nshya (integuro ya cumi yo gushyira mu bikorwa ibizamini》[11]yavuze ko kwandura Covid-19 bigomba gutandukanywa n'indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru iterwa n'izindi virusi.
3 Itandukaniro mu kuvura ibicurane na COVID-19
2019-nCoV na grippe nindwara zitandukanye ziterwa na virusi zitandukanye, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye. Gukoresha neza imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi birashobora kubuza ingorane zikomeye n’impfu z’indwara zombi.
Birasabwa gukoresha imiti mito ya virusi ya virusi nka Nimatvir / Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola no gutesha agaciro imiti ya antibody nka Ambaviruzumab / Romisvir monoclonal inshinge muri COVID-19[12].
Imiti irwanya ibicurane ikoresha cyane cyane inhibitori ya neuraminidase (oseltamivir, zanamivir), inhibitor ya hemagglutinin (Abidor) na RNA polymerase inhibitor (Mabaloxavir), igira ingaruka nziza kuri virusi ya grippe A na B.[13].
Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kurwanya virusi ni ngombwa cyane mu kuvura 2019-nCoV na grippe. Niyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya neza virusi itera kuyobora imiti ivura.
4 COVID-19 / Ibicurane A / Ibicurane B inshuro eshatu hamwe kugenzura ibicuruzwa bya acide nucleic
Iki gicuruzwa gitanga ibimenyetso byihuse kandi byukuri of 2019-nCoV, ibicurane A na virusi ya grippe B., kandi ifasha gutandukanya 2019-nCoV na grippe, indwara ebyiri zandurira mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zifite ibimenyetso bisa n'ubuvuzi ariko ingamba zitandukanye zo kuvura. Mu kumenya indwara itera, irashobora kuyobora iterambere ryamavuriro ya gahunda yo kuvura igamije kandi ikemeza ko abarwayi bashobora kwivuza neza mugihe gikwiye.
Igisubizo cyose:
Icyegeranyo cy'icyitegererezo - Gukuramo aside Nucleic - Kugaragaza reagent - urunigi rwa polymerase
Kumenya neza: menya Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), virusi ya grippe A na virusi ya grippe B mu muyoboro umwe.
Byiyunvikana cyane: LOD ya Covid-19 ni 300 kopi / mL, naho virusi ya grippe A na B ni kopi 500 / mL.
Ikwirakwizwa ryuzuye: Covid-19 ikubiyemo ubwoko bwose buzwi bwa mutant, hamwe na grippe A harimo ibihe bya H1N1, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, nibindi, hamwe na grippe B harimo na Victoria na Yamagata, kugirango hatazabura kuboneka.
Igenzura ryizewe ryizewe: ryubatswe muburyo bubi / bwiza, kugenzura imbere hamwe na UDG enzyme inshuro enye kugenzura ubuziranenge, kugenzura reagent nibikorwa kugirango ibisubizo nyabyo.
Byakoreshejwe cyane: bihujwe ninzira nyamukuru yimiyoboro ine ya fluorescence PCR igikoresho kumasoko.
Gukuramo byikora: hamwe na Macro & Micro-Testsisitemu yo gukuramo aside nucleic sisitemu yo gukuramo no gukuramo reagent, gukora neza no guhuza ibisubizo biratera imbere.
Amakuru y'ibicuruzwa
Reba
1. Ihuriro ry’ubuzima ku isi. Gukurikirana SARS - CoV - 2 zitandukanye [EB / OL]. (2022‑12‑01) [2023‑01‑08]. https: // www. ninde.int/ibikorwa/kurikirana‑SARS‑CoV‑2‑variants.
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3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, n'abandi. Umutwaro w’ibicurane bifitanye isano n’ibicurane bisa n’indwara z’ibicurane mu Bushinwa, 2006-2015: ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku baturage [J]. Ibicurane Izindi virusi zubuhumekero, 2020, 14 (2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, n'abandi. Ibicurane biterwa n’ibicurane birenze urugero by’ubuhumekero mu Bushinwa, 2010-15: ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku baturage [J]. Lancet Ubuzima Rusange, 2019, 4 (9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, CD ya Russell, Harrison EM, nibindi. SARS-CoV-2 yanduye virusi ya grippe, virusi yubuhumekero, cyangwa adenovirus. Lancet. 2022; 399 (10334): 1463-1464.
6. Int J Yanduye. 2023; 136: 29-36.
7. J Clin Virol Yongeyeho. 2021 Nzeri; 1 (3): 100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, n'abandi. Ikwirakwizwa rya SARS-CoV-2 hamwe n’ibicurane by’ibicurane hamwe n’ibiranga ivuriro mu bana n’ingimbi bafite imyaka
9. Komite y’igihugu ishinzwe ubuzima n’ubuzima bwiza muri Repubulika y’Ubushinwa (PRC), ubuyobozi bwa leta bw’ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa. Gahunda yo gusuzuma no kuvura ibicurane (Edition 2020) [J]. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa cy’indwara zandura, 2020, 13 (6): 401-405.411.
. Ubwumvikane bw'impuguke zihutirwa ku gusuzuma no kuvura ibicurane by'abakuze (Edition 2022) [J]. ikinyamakuru cyabashinwa cyubuvuzi bukomeye, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
11. Ibiro Bikuru bya komisiyo ishinzwe ubuzima n’ubuzima bwa Leta, Ishami rusange ry’ubuyobozi bwa Leta bw’ubuvuzi gakondo bw’Abashinwa. Itangazo ryo Gucapa no Gukwirakwiza igitabo gishya cya Coronavirus Indwara yo Gusuzuma no Kuvura (Ikigeragezo cya cumi cyikigereranyo).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, n'abandi. Impuguke zumvikanyeho kuvura virusi ya virusi ya coronavirus yanduye [J]. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bushinwa cy’indwara zandura, 2023, 16 (1): 10-20.
13. Ubwumvikane bw'impuguke zihutirwa ku gusuzuma no kuvura ibicurane by'abakuze (Edition 2022) [J]. ikinyamakuru cyabashinwa cyubuvuzi bukomeye, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-29-2024