Covid-19 (2019-nCoV) yateje indwara za miliyoni amagana n'impfu za miliyoni kuva yatangira mu mpera za 2019, bituma iba ikibazo cyihutirwa ku buzima ku isi. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatanze "ibibazo bitanu by'impinduka"[1], aribyo Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta na Omicron, kandi ubwoko bwa Omicron mutant ni bwo bwoko bwiganje mu cyorezo ku isi muri iki gihe. Nyuma yo kwandura Omicron mutant, ibimenyetso ni bike cyane, ariko ku bantu badasanzwe nk'abantu bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, abageze mu za bukuru, indwara zidakira n'abana, ibyago byo kurwara bikomeye cyangwa ndetse no gupfa nyuma yo kwandura biracyari hejuru. Imibare nyayo igaragaza ko igipimo cy'impfu z'ubwoko bwa Omicron muri Omicron, impuzandengo y'impfu z'abantu bapfa ari hafi 0.75%, ni ukuvuga inshuro 7 kugeza kuri 8 z'ibicurane, kandi igipimo cy'impfu z'abantu bakuze, cyane cyane abarengeje imyaka 80, kirenga 10%, ni ukuvuga hafi inshuro 100 z'ibicurane bisanzwe.[2]Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara by’ubwandu ni umuriro, inkorora, umuhogo wumye, kubabara mu muhogo, indwara ya myalgia, nibindi. Abarwayi bakomeye bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka cyangwa kubura ogisijeni.
Hari ubwoko bune bwa virusi z'ibicurane: A, B, C na D. Ubwoko bw'icyorezo nyamukuru ni ubwoko bwa A (H1N1) na H3N2, hamwe n'ubwoko bwa B (Victoria na Yamagata). Ibicurane biterwa na virusi y'ibicurane bitera icyorezo cy'ibihe n'icyorezo kitazwi buri mwaka, aho umubare munini w'abandura ugaragara. Imibare igaragaza ko abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 3.4 bavurwa indwara nk'iz'ibicurane buri mwaka.[3], kandi abantu bagera ku 88.100 barwaye indwara z'ubuhumekero ziterwa n'ibicurane bahitana, 8.2% by'impfu z'indwara z'ubuhumekero[4]Ibimenyetso by’indwara birimo umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, indwara ya myalgia n’inkorora yumye. Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara iyi ndwara, nk’abagore batwite, impinja, abageze mu zabukuru n’abarwayi barwaye indwara zidakira, bakunze kurwara umusonga n’izindi ndwara zishobora gutera urupfu mu gihe cy’uburwayi bukomeye.
1 COVID-19 ifite ibyago byo kwandura ibicurane.
Kwandura ibicurane hamwe na COVID-19 bishobora kongera ingaruka z'iyi ndwara. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'Abongereza bwerekana ko[5], ugereranije n'ubwandu bwa COVID-19 bwonyine, ibyago byo guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'ibyago byo gupfa mu bitaro ku barwayi ba COVID-19 banduye virusi itera ibicurane byiyongereyeho inshuro 4.14 n'inshuro 2.35.
Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Tongji rya Kaminuza ya Huazhong y’Ubumenyi n’Ikoranabuhanga ryasohoye inyigo[6], byakozwemo ubushakashatsi 95 bwakorewe ku barwayi 62.107 ba COVID-19. Igipimo cy’ubwandu bwa virusi y’ibicurane cyari 2.45%, muri byo harimo ibicurane A byari bifite umubare munini. Ugereranyije n’abarwayi banduye COVID-19 gusa, abarwayi banduye ibicurane A bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingaruka mbi, harimo no kwinjira mu cyumba cy’abarwariyemo, ubufasha mu guhumeka no gupfa. Nubwo ubwandu bwa virusi y’ibicurane buri hasi, abarwayi banduye hamwe bahura n’ibyago bikomeye byo kugira ingaruka mbi.
Isesengura rya meta rigaragaza ko[7], ugereranyije n'umuyoboro wa B, umuyoboro wa A ukunze kwanduzwa na COVID-19. Mu barwayi 143 banduye, 74% banduye umuyoboro wa A, naho 20% banduye umuyoboro wa B. Kwanduzwa na B bishobora gutera indwara zikomeye ku barwayi, cyane cyane mu matsinda y’abantu batishoboye nk'abana.
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bana n'ingimbi bari munsi y'imyaka 18 barwariye mu bitaro cyangwa bapfa bazize ibicurane mu gihe cy'ibicurane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2021-22 bwagaragaje ko[8]ko ikibazo cyo kwandura hamwe n’ibicurane muri COVID-19 gikwiye kwitabwaho. Mu bantu barwaye ibicurane barwaye ibicurane, 6% banduye hamwe na COVID-19 na grippe, kandi igipimo cy’impfu zikomoka kuri ibicurane cyazamutse kigera kuri 16%. Ibi bigaragaza ko abarwayi banduye hamwe na COVID-19 na grippe bakeneye ubufasha bw’ubuhumekero butari ubwa virusi kurusha abanduye gusa ibicurane, kandi bigaragaza ko kwandura hamwe na grippe bishobora gutera ibyago bikomeye by’indwara ku bana.
2 Uburyo butandukanye bwo gusuzuma ibicurane na COVID-19.
Indwara nshya n'ibicurane byombi birandura cyane, kandi hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe by'uburwayi bisa, nko kugira umuriro, inkorora na myalgia. Ariko, uburyo bwo kuvura izi virusi zombi buratandukanye, kandi imiti igabanya ubukana ikoreshwa iratandukanye. Mu gihe cyo kuvura, imiti ishobora guhindura ibimenyetso bisanzwe by'indwara, bigatuma bigorana gusuzuma indwara ukoresheje ibimenyetso gusa. Kubwibyo, gusuzuma neza COVID-19 na grippe bigomba kwishingikiriza ku gupima virusi bitandukanye kugira ngo abarwayi babone ubuvuzi bukwiye kandi bunoze.
Ibyifuzo byinshi byumvikana ku gusuzuma no kuvura bigaragaza ko kumenya neza COVID-19 na virusi itera ibicurane binyuze mu isuzuma rya laboratwari ari ingenzi cyane mu gushyiraho gahunda y’ubuvuzi ikwiye.
Gahunda yo Gusuzuma no Kuvura Ibicurane (Igitabo cya 2020)"[9]na 《Gusuzuma no Kuvura Ibicurane by'Abakuru Amasezerano y'Impuguke mu byihutirwa (Icyegeranyo cya 2022)"[10]Byose bigaragaza neza ko ibicurane bisa n'izindi ndwara zimwe na zimwe muri COVID-19, kandi COVID-19 ifite ibimenyetso byoroheje kandi bikunze kugaragara nko kugira umuriro, inkorora yumye no kubabara mu muhogo, ibyo bikaba bigoye gutandukanya na grippe; ibimenyetso bikomeye kandi bikomeye birimo umusonga ukomeye, indwara yo guhumeka ikabije n'imikorere mibi y'ingingo, bisa n'ibimenyetso by'ibicurane bikomeye kandi bikomeye, kandi bigomba gutandukanywa hakurikijwe imiterere yabyo.
"Gahunda nshya yo gusuzuma no kuvura ubwandu bwa coronavirus (icyiciro cya cumi cyo gushyira mu bikorwa igerageza"[11]yavuze ko ubwandu bwa Covid-19 bugomba gutandukanywa n'ubwandu bw'imiyoboro yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru buterwa n'izindi virusi.
Itandukaniro 3 mu kuvura ibicurane n'ubwandu bwa COVID-19
2019-nCoV na grippe ni indwara zitandukanye ziterwa na virusi zitandukanye, kandi uburyo bwo kuvura buratandukanye. Gukoresha neza imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zishobora kugabanya ingorane zikomeye ndetse n'ibyago byo gupfa by'izo ndwara zombi.
Ni byiza gukoresha imiti mito igabanya ubukana bw'udukoko nka Nimatvir/Ritonavir, Azvudine, Monola n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'udukoko nka Ambaviruzumab/Romisvir monoclonal antibody injection muri COVID-19.[12].
Imiti irwanya ibicurane ikoresha cyane cyane imiti igabanya ubukana bwa neuraminidase (oseltamivir, zanamivir), imiti igabanya ubukana bwa hemagglutinin (Abidor) n'imiti igabanya ubukana bwa RNA polymerase (Mabaloxavir), bigira ingaruka nziza ku mikorobe isanzwe ikunze kugaragara muri iki gihe ya grippe A na B.[13].
Guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kurwanya virusi ni ingenzi cyane mu kuvura indwara ya 2019-nCoV na grippe. Kubwibyo, ni ingenzi cyane kumenya neza indwara yanduza kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kuyivura.
4 COVID-19/ Grippe A / Grippe B isuzuma ry'ibikomoka kuri aside nucleic mu ngingo eshatu
Iki gicuruzwa gitanga uburyo bwihuse kandi bunoze bwo kumenyaf 2019-nCoV, virusi ya grippe A na grippe B, kandi bifasha gutandukanya indwara ya 2019-nCoV na grippe, indwara ebyiri zandura mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zifite ibimenyetso bisa ariko ingamba zitandukanye zo kuvura. Mu kumenya indwara itera indwara, bishobora kuyobora iterambere ry'ubuvuzi rya gahunda z'ubuvuzi zigenewe kandi bikanemeza ko abarwayi bashobora kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye ku gihe.
Igisubizo cyose:
Icyegeranyo cy'ibipimo -- Gukuramo aside ya nucleique -- Isuzuma ry'ibice -- uburyo bwo gukora uruhererekane rwa polymerase
Kumenya neza: kumenya Covid-19 (ORF1ab, N), virusi ya grippe A na virusi ya grippe B mu muyoboro umwe.
Ifite ingaruka zikomeye ku barwayi ba Covid-19: Covid-19 ni kopi 300 kuri mL, naho virusi za grippe A na B ni kopi 500 kuri mL.
Uburyo bwose bwo gukwirakwiza Covid-19 burimo ubwoko bwose buzwi bwa grippe, harimo grippe A irimo H1N1 y'igihembwe, H3N2, H1N1 2009, H5N1, H7N9, n'ibindi, hamwe na grippe B irimo ubwoko bwa Victoria na Yamagata, kugira ngo hatagira uwibasira.
Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwizewe: kugenzura nabi/kwangirika byubatswemo, kugenzura imbere na enzyme ya UDG inshuro enye, kugenzura reagents n'imikorere kugira ngo hamenyekane ibisubizo nyabyo.
Ikoreshwa cyane: ijyanye n'igikoresho cya PCR cy'urumuri rw'imiyoboro ine ku isoko.
Gukuramo ibintu mu buryo bwikora: hakoreshejwe Macro na Micro-Tikoreshwasisitemu yo gukuramo aside nucleique mu buryo bwikora n'ibikoreshwa mu gukuramo aside, imikorere myiza n'uburyo ibisubizo bihora bihindagurika birarushaho kuba byiza.
Amakuru y'ibicuruzwa
Amareferensi
1. Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cyita ku Buzima. Gukurikirana ubwoko bwa SARS‑CoV‑2 [EB/OL]. (2022‑12‑01) [2023‑01‑08]. https://www.who.int/activities/tracking‑SARS‑CoV‑2‑variants.
2. Ubusobanuro bw'umwimerere _ Liang Wannian: Igipimo cy'impfu muri Omicron cyikubye inshuro 7 kugeza kuri 8 ugereranyije n'iz'ibicurane _ Ibicurane _ Icyorezo _ Mick _ Sina News. http://k.sina.com.cn/article_3121600265_ba0fd7090010198ol.html.
3. Feng LZ, Feng S, Chen T, n'abandi. Inama ku ndwara ziterwa n'ibicurane zijyanye n'ibicurane mu Bushinwa, 2006-2015: ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku baturage [J]. Influenza Izindi Virusi zitera guhumeka, 2020, 14 (2): 162-172.
4. Li L, Liu YN, Wu P, n'abandi. Impfu zikabije z'ubuhumekero ziterwa na Grippe mu Bushinwa, 2010-15: ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku baturage [J]. Lancet Public Health, 2019, 4(9): e473-e481.
5. Swets MC, Russell CD, Harrison EM, n'abandi. SARS-CoV-2 yandujwe hamwe na virusi za grippe, virusi ya syncytial yo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero, cyangwa virusi za adenoviruses. Lancet. 2022; 399 (10334): 1463-1464.
6. Yan X, Li K, Lei Z, Luo J, Wang Q, Wei S. Ikwirakwira ry'indwara n'ingaruka zijyanye na zo zo kwandura hamwe hagati ya SARS-CoV-2 na grippe: isuzuma ryakozwe ku buryo bunonosoye n'isesengura rya meta. Int J Infect Dis. 2023; 136:29-36.
7. Dao TL, Hoang VT, Colson P, Million M, Gautret P. Kwandura virusi za SARS-CoV-2 hamwe na grippe: Isuzuma ryakozwe ku buryo bunonosoye no gusesengura amakuru. J Clin Virol Plus. 2021 Nzeri; 1(3):100036.
8. Adams K, Tastad KJ, Huang S, n'abandi. Ubwiyongere bwa SARS-CoV-2 n'ubwandu bwa Grippe hamwe n'imiterere y'indwara mu bana n'ingimbi bari munsi y'imyaka 18 bajyanywe mu bitaro cyangwa bapfuye bazize Grippe - Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Igihembwe cya Grippe cya 2021-22. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022; 71 (50): 1589-1596.
9. Komite y'Igihugu y'Ubuzima n'Imibereho Myiza ya Repubulika y'Abaturage b'Ubushinwa (PRC), ubuyobozi bwa leta bw'ubuvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa. Gahunda yo Gusuzuma no Kuvura Ibicurane (Inyandiko ya 2020) [J]. Ikinyamakuru cy'Abashinwa cy'Indwara zandura, 2020, 13(6): 401-405,411.
10. Ishami ry’abaganga b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ry’ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’Abashinwa, Ishami ry’abaganga b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ry’ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’Abashinwa, ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ry’Ubushinwa, ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze rya Beijing, komite y’abahanga mu by’ubuvuzi bw’ubutabazi bw’ibanze bw’ingabo z’Abashinwa. Ubwumvikane bw’impuguke mu by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ku gusuzuma no kuvura indwara z’ibicurane ku bakuru (Inyandiko ya 2022) [J]. Ikinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi bw’inzobere mu bushinwa, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
11. Ibiro Rusange bya Komisiyo y'Ubuzima n'Ubuzima ya Leta, Ishami Rusange ry'Ubuyobozi bwa Leta bw'Ubuvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa. Itangazo ku gucapa no gukwirakwiza gahunda nshya yo gusuzuma no kuvura indwara ya coronavirus (Igerageza rya cumi).
12. Zhang Fujie, Zhuo Wang, Wang Quanhong, n'abandi. Impuguke zihuriweho ku kuvura indwara ziterwa na virusi ku bantu bashya banduye coronavirus [J]. Ikinyamakuru cy'Abashinwa cy'Indwara zandura, 2023, 16(1): 10-20.
13. Ishami ry’abaganga b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ry’ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’Abashinwa, Ishami ry’abaganga b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ry’ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’Abashinwa, ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ry’Ubushinwa, ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’ubutabazi bw’ibanze rya Beijing, Komite y’abahanga mu by’ubuvuzi bw’ubutabazi bw’ibanze bw’ingabo z’Abashinwa. Ubwumvikane bw’impuguke mu by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze ku gusuzuma no kuvura indwara z’ibicurane ku bakuru (Inyandiko ya 2022) [J]. Ikinyamakuru cy’ubuvuzi bw’inzobere mu bushinwa, 2022, 42 (12): 1013-1026.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-29-2024