Ubudahangarwa bw’imiti irwanya udukoko (AMR) bwabaye kimwe mu bintu bibangamiye ubuzima rusange cyane muri iki kinyejana, butera impfu zirenga miliyoni 1.27 buri mwaka kandi bugatera impfu z’inyongera hafi miliyoni 5—iki kibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuzima ku isi gisaba ko twagikemura vuba.
Muri iki cyumweru cy’Ubukangurambaga ku Isi ku byerekeye AMR (kuva 18 kugeza 24 Ugushyingo), abayobozi b’ubuzima ku isi bose bahurije hamwe mu gusaba kwabo:“Kora icyo ukora ubu: Rinda ubu bwacu, utekanye ahazaza hacu.”Iyi nsanganyamatsiko ishimangira ko byihutirwa mu gukemura ikibazo cya AMR, bisaba imbaraga zihuriweho mu nzego z’ubuzima bw’abantu, ubuzima bw’inyamaswa, n’ibidukikije.
Akaga ka AMR karenze imipaka y'igihugu n'urwego rw'ubuvuzi. Nk'uko ubushakashatsi buheruka bwa Lancet bubigaragaza, hatabayeho ingamba zifatika zo kurwanya AMR,Impfu rusange ku isi zishobora kugera kuri miliyoni 39 mu 2050, mu gihe ikiguzi cya buri mwaka cyo kuvura indwara zirwanya imiti giteganijwe kwiyongera kuva kuri miliyari 66 z'amadolari ubu kikagera kuriMiliyari 159 z'amadolari.
Ikibazo cya AMR: Ukuri gukomeye inyuma y'imibare
Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti irwanya udukoko (AMR) bubaho iyo mikorobe—bagiteri, virusi, udukoko, n'ibihumyo—bitagishoboye kwakira imiti isanzwe irwanya udukoko. Iki kibazo cy'ubuzima ku isi cyageze ku rugero ruteye ubwoba:
-Buri minota 5, umuntu 1 apfa azize indwara idakira imiti irwanya udukoko
-Na2050, AMR ishobora kugabanya umusaruro rusange w’isi ku kigero cya 3.8%
-96% by'ibihugu(186 bose hamwe) bitabiriye ubushakashatsi ku ikurikiranwa rya AMR ryo mu 2024 ku isi, bigaragaza ko iki kibazo cyagaragaye ku bantu benshi.
-Mu byumba byita ku barembye cyane mu turere tumwe na tumwe,hejuru ya 50% by'udukoko twa bagiterikugaragaza ubudahangarwa kuri nibura antibiyotike imwe
Uburyo Antibiyotike Zinanirwa: Uburyo bwo Kwirinda Udukoko
Antibiyotike zikora hibandwa ku mikorere y'ingenzi ya bagiteri:
-Guhuza urukuta rw'uturemangingo: Penicilline ibangamira inkuta z'uturemangingo twa bagiteri, igatera gucika kw'uturemangingo no gupfa kwa bagiteri
-Gukora Poroteyine: Tetracycline na macrolides bibuza ribosome za bagiteri, bigahagarika poroteyine
-Uburyo bwo gukora ADN/RNA: Fluoroquinolones ibuza imisemburo ikenewe mu gukora ADN ya bagiteri
-Ubusugire bw'uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo: Polymyxins yangiza uturemangingo twa bagiteri, bigatuma uturemangingo dupfa
-Inzira za Metaboliki: Sulfonamides ibuza ibikorwa by'ingenzi bya bagiteri nko gukora aside folike
Ariko, binyuze mu guhitamo karemano no guhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo, bagiteri zikora uburyo bwinshi bwo kurwanya antibiyotike, harimo gukora imisemburo ituma imiti idakora, guhindura intego z’imiti, kugabanya ubwinshi bw’imiti, no gukora biofilms.
Carbapenemase: "Intwaro ikomeye" mu kibazo cya AMR
Mu buryo butandukanye bwo kurwanya, harimo gukorakarbapenemaIteye impungenge cyane. Izi enzymes zikoresha antibiyotike za carbapenem—ubusanzwe zifatwa nk'imiti “ya nyuma”. Carbapenemas zikora nk'intwaro zikomeye za bagiteri, zigasenya antibiyotike mbere yuko zinjira mu turemangingo twa bagiteri. Bagiteri zitwara izi enzymes—nk'iziKlebsiella indwara y'umusonganaAcinetobacter baumannii—ishobora kubaho no kwiyongera nubwo yahura n'imiti ikomeye cyane ya antibiyotike.
Igiteye impungenge kurushaho, ni uko za gene zikora carbapenema ziboneka ku bintu bigize gene bigenda bishobora kwanduzanya ubwoko butandukanye bwa bagiteri,kwihutisha ikwirakwira ry'udukoko turwanya imiti myinshi ku isi.
Gusuzuma indwaras: Umurongo wa Mbere w'Ubwunganizi mu Kugenzura AMR
Gusuzuma neza kandi byihuse ni ingenzi mu kurwanya AMR. Gusuzuma bagiteri zirwanya indwara ku gihe bishobora:
- Kuyobora uburyo bwo kuvura neza, wirinde gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana mu buryo budakwiye
-Gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kurwanya ubwandu kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura bagiteri zirwanya
-Gukurikirana uko ibintu bigenda mu kurwanya ihohoterwa kugira ngo umenye ibyemezo by'ubuzima rusange
Ibisubizo byacu: Ibikoresho bishya byo kurwanya AMR neza
Kugira ngo hakemurwe ikibazo cya AMR gikomeje kwiyongera, Macro & Micro-Test yateguye ibikoresho bitatu bishya byo gupima carbapenemase bihuye n’ibikenewe mu buvuzi bitandukanye, bifasha abakora mu buvuzi kubona vuba kandi neza bagiteri zirwanya indwara kugira ngo harebwe uburyo bwo gufata ingamba ku gihe no kunoza umusaruro w’abarwayi.
1. Agakoresho ko Gupima Carbapenase (Colloidal Gold)
Ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya colloidal gold mu gupima carbapenemase byihuse kandi byizewe. Ikwiriye ibitaro, amavuriro, ndetse no mu ngo, yoroshya uburyo bwo gusuzuma indwara mu buryo bunoze cyane.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi:
-Gutahura neza: Ihita imenya ubwoko butanu bw'uturemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa—NDM, KPC, OXA-48, IMP, na VIM
-Ibisubizo byihuse: Itanga ibisubizo muriIminota 15, vuba cyane kurusha uburyo gakondo (umunsi 1-2)
-Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora: Nta bikoresho bigoye cyangwa amahugurwa yihariye akenewe, bikwiriye ahantu hatandukanye
-Uburiganya bwo hejuru: 95% by'ubuhanga nta bimenyetso by'ibinyoma bituruka kuri bagiteri zisanzwe nka Klebsiella pneumoniae cyangwa Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2. Agakoresho ko Gupima Ubudahangarwa bwa Carbapenem Gene (Fluorescence PCR)
Yagenewe gusesengura mu buryo bwimbitse imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bwa carbapenem. Ni nziza cyane mu igenzura ryimbitse muri laboratwari z’ubuvuzi, itanga uburyo nyabwo bwo kumenya imiterere myinshi y’uturemangingo tw’ubudahangarwa bwa carbapenem.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi:
-Ingero zoroshye: Kumenya mu buryo butaziguye uhereyeamakoma y’inkari, amatembabuzi, cyangwa udupira tw’impyiko—nta guhingwabikenewe
-Kugabanya Ikiguzi: Isuzuma imiterere itandatu y'ingenzi y'uturemangingo (NDM, KPC, OXA-48, OXA-23) IMP, na VIM mu isuzuma rimwe, ikuraho ibizamini bidasanzwe.
-Ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvisha ibintu no kubyitaho cyane: Nta kigero cyo kumenyekana kiri hasi cyane nka 1000 CFU/mL, nta gukorana n'izindi gene zirwanya indwara nka CTX, mecA, SME, SHV, na TEM.
-Guhuza kwagutse: Ijyanye naUrugero rw'igisubizoAIO 800 POCT y’ibinyabutabire byuzuye byikora hamwe n’ibikoresho bya PCR bikuru
3. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa na Resistance Genes Multiplex Detection Kit (Fluorescence PCR)
Iyi mashini ihuza uburyo bwo kumenya bagiteri n'uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara mu buryo bumwe bworoshye bwo gusuzuma indwara neza.
Ibyiza by'ingenzi:
-Gutahura neza: Igaragaza icyarimweindwara eshatu z'ingenzi ziterwa na bagiteri—Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, na Pseudomonas aeruginosa—kandi ibona uturemangingo tune tw’ingenzi twa carbapenemase (KPC, NDM, OXA48, na IMP) mu isuzuma rimwe.
-Ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza ibyiyumvo bikabije: Ishobora kumenya ADN ya bagiteri ku gipimo kiri hasi cyane nka 1000 CFU/mL
-Ishyigikira icyemezo cy'ubuvuzi: Yorohereza gutoranya uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura mikorobe binyuze mu kumenya hakiri kare ubwoko bw'imiti irwanya indwara
-Guhuza kwagutse: Ijyanye naUrugero rw'igisubizoAIO 800 POCT y’ibinyabutabire byuzuye byikora hamwe n’ibikoresho bya PCR bikuru
Ibi bikoresho byo gupima indwara biha abahanga mu by'ubuzima ibikoresho byo gukemura AMR ku nzego zitandukanye—kuva ku gupima byihuse aho umuntu avurirwa kugeza ku gusesengura neza imiterere y'uturemangingo—bituma habaho ubufasha ku gihe no kugabanya ikwirakwira rya bagiteri zirwanya indwara.
Kurwanya AMR hakoreshejwe Precision Diagnostics
Muri Macro & Micro-Test, dutanga ibikoresho bigezweho byo gusuzuma indwara biha abakora mu buvuzi ubumenyi bwihuse kandi bwizewe, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo kuvurwa ku gihe no kurwanya ubwandu neza.
Nk’uko byashimangiwe mu cyumweru cy’isi cyo kumenyekanisha ibikorwa bya AMR, amahitamo yacu uyu munsi azagena ubushobozi bwacu bwo kurinda abazabakomokaho n’abazabakomokaho ibyago byo kudakora imiti yica udukoko.
Jya mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ubudahangarwa bw'imiti irwanya udukoko—buri buzima bwose burokowe ni ingenzi.
For more information, please contact: marketing@mmtest.com
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-19-2025