Binyuze mugihe, "Ubuyobozi bukuru nubuyobozi rusange" byerekana ibisobanuro byimbitse byubuyobozi.Muri iki gitabo, henri fayol ntabwo iduha gusa indorerwamo idasanzwe yerekana ubwenge bwo kuyobora mugihe cyinganda, ahubwo inagaragaza amahame rusange yubuyobozi, uburyo bukoreshwa kwisi yose burenze imipaka yibihe.Ntakibazo cyaba urimo gute, iki gitabo kizagufasha gucukumbura byimazeyo imiyoborere no gukangura ibitekerezo byawe bishya mubikorwa byo kuyobora.
None, ni ubuhe bupfumu bwatumye iki gitabo gifatwa nka bibiliya yo kuyobora imyaka igera ku ijana?Injira mu nama yo gusangira itsinda rya Suzhou Gusoma vuba bishoboka, soma iki gihangano natwe, kandi ushimire imbaraga zubuyobozi hamwe, kugirango bibashe kumurika neza iterambere ryawe!
Umucyo w'ihame ni nk'urumuri rw'itara.
Nibyiza gusa kubantu basanzwe bazi umuyoboro wegera.
Henri fayol [Ubufaransa]
Henri Fayol，1841.7.29-1925.12
Ushinzwe imiyoborere, umuhanga mu micungire, geologiya n’umurwanashyaka wa Leta bahabwa icyubahiro nka "se w’imiyoborere" n’ibisekuru byakurikiyeho, umwe mu bahagarariye ibitekerezo by’ubuyobozi bwa kera, ndetse akaba ari nawe washinze ishuri ryigisha imiyoborere.
Imicungire yinganda nubuyobozi rusange nicyo gihangano cye cyingenzi, kandi irangizwa ryayo ni ishingiro ryubuyobozi rusange.
Imicungire yinganda nubuyobozi rusange nigikorwa cyambere cyumuhanga wubuyobozi bwubufaransa henri fayol.Igitabo cya mbere cyasohotse mu 1925. Iki gitabo ntigaragaza gusa ivuka ryimyumvire yubuyobozi rusange, ahubwo ni nigihe cyakera.
Iki gitabo kigabanyijemo ibice bibiri:
Igice cya mbere kivuga ku bikenewe n'ibishoboka byo kwigisha imiyoborere;
Igice cya kabiri kivuga ku mahame nibintu byo kuyobora.
01 ibyiyumvo byabagize itsinda
Wu Pengpeng, He Xiuli
【 Ibisobanuro】Ubuyobozi ni gutegura, gutunganya, kuyobora, guhuza no kugenzura.Imikorere yo kuyobora biragaragara ko itandukanye nibindi bikorwa byibanze, ntukitiranya rero imikorere yubuyobozi nimirimo yubuyobozi.
[Ubushishozi] Ubuyobozi ntabwo ari ubushobozi gusa ibigo byo hagati no murwego rwo hejuru bikeneye kumenya.Ubuyobozi nigikorwa cyibanze abayobozi nabagize itsinda bakeneye gukora.Akenshi hari amajwi amwe mukazi, nka: "Ndi injeniyeri gusa, sinkeneye kumenya ubuyobozi, nkeneye gukora."Ibi nibitekerezo bitari byo.Ubuyobozi nikintu abantu bose mumushinga bakeneye kugira uruhare, nko gukora gahunda yumushinga: igihe biteganijwe ko umurimo urangira, ningaruka zishobora guhura nazo.Niba abitabiriye umushinga batabitekerejeho, gahunda yatanzwe numuyobozi witsinda ntabwo bishoboka rwose, kandi ni nako bimeze kubandi.Umuntu wese agomba kuba ashinzwe imirimo ye no gukora imirimo yo kuyobora.
Qin Yajun na Chen Yi
Abstract: Gahunda y'ibikorwa yerekana ibisubizo bigomba kugerwaho, kandi mugihe kimwe itanga inzira y'ibikorwa igomba gukurikizwa, ibyiciro bigomba kunyuramo nuburyo bukoreshwa.
[Kumva] Gahunda y'ibikorwa irashobora kudufasha kugera ku ntego zacu neza no kuzamura ireme n'imikorere myiza y'akazi kacu.Kubwintego, nkuko byavuzwe mumahugurwa ya ETP, igomba kuba irarikira, yizewe mugusuzuma, bivuye kumutima, inzira yimiterere, kandi umwanya utegereza ntamuntu (ingingo yumutima).Noneho koresha igikoresho cyo gucunga imigano ORM kugirango usesengure intego zihuye, inzira ninzira zerekana imirimo igomba gukorwa, hanyuma ushireho ingengabihe isobanutse kuri buri cyiciro n'intambwe kugirango gahunda irangire ku gihe.
Jiang Jian Zhang Qi Y Yanchen
Abstract: Igisobanuro cyimbaraga giterwa nimikorere, kandi icyubahiro cyumuntu kiva mubwenge, ubumenyi, uburambe, agaciro keza, impano yubuyobozi, ubwitange nibindi.Nkumuyobozi mwiza, icyubahiro cyumuntu kigira uruhare rukomeye mukuzuza imbaraga zateganijwe.
[Sentiment] Muburyo bwo kwiga bwo kuyobora, birakenewe kuringaniza isano iri hagati yimbaraga nicyubahiro.Nubwo imbaraga zishobora gutanga ubutware ningaruka kubayobozi, icyubahiro cyumuntu ningirakamaro kubayobozi.Umuyobozi ufite icyubahiro cyinshi arashobora kubona inkunga ninkunga yabakozi, bityo agateza imbere iterambere ryumuryango neza.Abayobozi barashobora kuzamura ubumenyi nubushobozi bwabo binyuze mukwiga no kwitoza;Gushiraho ishusho nziza binyuze mumyizerere kandi yizewe, itabogamye;Kubaka umubano wimbitse hagati yita kubakozi no kumva ibitekerezo n'ibitekerezo byabo;Erekana uburyo bw'ubuyobozi binyuze mu mwuka wo gufata inshingano no gutinyuka gufata inshingano.Abayobozi bakeneye kwitondera guhinga no gukomeza icyubahiro cyawe mugihe bakoresha imbaraga.Kwishingikiriza cyane ku butegetsi birashobora gutuma abakozi barwanywa, mu gihe kwirengagiza icyubahiro bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buyobozi bw'abayobozi.Kubwibyo, abayobozi bakeneye gushakisha uburinganire hagati yimbaraga nicyubahiro kugirango bagere kubikorwa byiza byubuyobozi.
Wu Pengpeng Ding Songlin Sun Wen
Abstract: Muri buri cyiciro cyimibereho, umwuka wo guhanga udushya urashobora gukangurira abantu ishyaka ryakazi no kuzamura umuvuduko wabo.Usibye umwuka wo guhanga udushya w'abayobozi, umwuka wo guhanga udushya w'abakozi bose urakenewe.Kandi irashobora kuzuza iyo fomu mugihe bibaye ngombwa.Izi nimbaraga zituma sosiyete ikomera, cyane cyane mubihe bigoye.
[Kumva] Umwuka wo guhanga udushya ningufu zingenzi ziteza imbere iterambere ryimibereho, iterambere ryimishinga niterambere ryumuntu.Ntakibazo leta, ibigo cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo, bakeneye guhora bashya kugirango bahuze nibidukikije bigenda bihinduka.Umwuka wo guhanga udushya urashobora gukurura abantu ishyaka ryakazi.Iyo abakozi bashishikariye akazi kabo, bazarushaho kwitangira umurimo wabo, bityo bazamure imikorere myiza nubuziranenge.Umwuka wo guhanga udushya ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bizamura ishyaka ry'abakozi.Mugukomeza kugerageza uburyo bushya, tekinolojiya mishya nibitekerezo bishya, abakozi barashobora kwishimira akazi kabo bityo bagakunda akazi kabo cyane.Umwuka wo guhanga udushya urashobora kuzamura abantu.Mu guhangana n'ingorane n'ibibazo, abakozi bafite umwuka wo guhanga udushya barashobora guhura nibibazo kandi bagatinyuka bagerageza ibisubizo bishya.Uyu mwuka wo gutinyuka guhangana ntushobora gufasha ibigo gukemura ibibazo gusa, ahubwo bizana amahirwe menshi yo gukura kubakozi.
Zhang Dan, Kong Qingling
Abstract: Igenzura rifite uruhare mubice byose, bishobora kugenzura abantu, ibintu nubwoko bwose bwimyitwarire.Duhereye ku micungire, kugenzura ni ukureba niba hashyizweho, gushyira mu bikorwa no kuvugurura ku gihe gahunda y'ibikorwa, n'ibindi.
[Kumva] Igenzura ni ukugereranya niba buri murimo ujyanye na gahunda, ugashaka ibitagenda neza n'amakosa mu kazi, kandi ukarushaho kwemeza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda.Ubuyobozi ni imyitozo, kandi akenshi duhura nibibazo, dukeneye rero gutekereza mbere: uburyo bwo kubigenzura.
"Ibyo abantu bakora ntabwo aribyo ubajije, ahubwo ni ibyo ugenzura."Mugihe cyo gushiraho abakozi bakuze, akenshi usanga hari ababishinzwe bizeye ko basobanukiwe gahunda yuzuye na gahunda, ariko hariho ibitagenda neza no gutandukana mubikorwa byo kubishyira mubikorwa.Dushubije amaso inyuma kandi dusubiramo, dushobora akenshi kunguka byinshi muburyo bwo gusubiramo hamwe, hanyuma tugavuga muri make inyungu mubyingenzi.Igishushanyo ni cyiza cyane mubikorwa byo gushyira mubikorwa.Nubwo haba hari gahunda, igishushanyo mbonera, birakenewe kugenzura no guhuza inshuro nyinshi inzira y'itumanaho.
Icya gatatu, munsi yintego yashyizweho, dukwiye guhuza umutungo binyuze mubitumanaho, kubora intego, "intego yabo, ninde ufite intego", guhuza mugihe gikenewe nabayobozi bashinzwe imishinga, tugahuza kandi tukabafasha kugera kuntego neza.
02 ibitekerezo byumwigisha
Igitabo gishinzwe imiyoborere n’ubuyobozi rusange ni umurimo wa kera mu bijyanye n’imiyoborere, ufite akamaro kanini mu gusobanukirwa no kumenya neza imikorere n’imikorere yubuyobozi.Mbere ya byose, Fa Yueer ifata imiyoborere nkigikorwa cyigenga kandi ikagitandukanya nindi mirimo yikigo.Iki gitekerezo kiduha icyerekezo gishya cyo kureba ubuyobozi kandi kidufasha kumva neza ishingiro nakamaro kubuyobozi.Muri icyo gihe, Fa Yueer atekereza ko imiyoborere ari gahunda yubumenyi itunganijwe, ishobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya, biduha icyerekezo cyuzuye cyo kureba ubuyobozi.
Icya kabiri, amahame 14 yubuyobozi yashyizweho na Fa Yueer afite akamaro kanini mu kuyobora imikorere yinganda nimyitwarire yabayobozi.Aya mahame agenewe kugera ku ntego z’inganda, nko kugabana imirimo, ubutware ninshingano, indero, ubuyobozi bumwe, ubuyobozi bumwe nibindi.Aya mahame naya mahame shingiro agomba gukurikizwa mugucunga imishinga no kugira uruhare runini mukuzamura imikorere ninyungu zinganda.
Byongeye kandi, Fa Yueer ibintu bitanu byubuyobozi, aribyo, igenamigambi, ishyirahamwe, itegeko, guhuza no kugenzura, biduha urwego rwuzuye rwo gusobanukirwa inzira nifatizo byubuyobozi.Ibi bintu bitanu bigize urwego rwibanze rwubuyobozi, bifite akamaro kanini kutuyobora gushyira mubikorwa imiyoborere mubikorwa.Ndangije, ndashimira byimazeyo Fa Yueer yitonze kandi yimbitse yuburyo bwinshi bwa filozofiya yo gutekereza mubitabo bye.Ibi bituma iki gitabo kitaba umurimo wambere wubuyobozi, ahubwo nigitabo cyuzuye ubwenge no kumurikirwa.Iyo dusomye iki gitabo, dushobora kumva neza igitekerezo nakamaro kubuyobozi, kumenya neza imikorere nubuyobozi, kandi tugatanga ubuyobozi no kumurikirwa kubikorwa byacu biri imbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2023