Uko ibihe bihita, igitabo cya kera cyitwa "Imicungire y'Inganda n'Imicungire Rusange" kigaragaza ibisobanuro bikomeye by'imicungire. Muri iki gitabo, henri fayol ntabwo aduha gusa indorerwamo yihariye igaragaza ubwenge bw'imicungire mu gihe cy'inganda, ahubwo anagaragaza amahame rusange y'imicungire, aho ikoreshwa muri rusange rirenze imipaka y'ibihe. Uko waba uri mu nganda zimeze kose, iki gitabo kizagufasha gusuzuma byimbitse akamaro k'imicungire no gushishikariza imitekerereze yawe mishya ku mikorere y'imicungire.
None se, ni ubuhe buryohe bw'ubumaji bwatumye iki gitabo gifatwa nk'igitabo cy'ubuyobozi mu gihe cy'imyaka hafi ijana? Injira mu nama yo gusangira gusoma ya Suzhou Group vuba bishoboka, usome iki gihangano cyiza hamwe natwe, kandi wishimire imbaraga z'ubuyobozi hamwe, kugira ngo bugaragaze neza iterambere ryawe!
Umucyo w'amahame ni nk'urumuri rw'inzu y'urumuri.
Ni ingirakamaro gusa ku bantu basanzwe bazi uburyo bwo gukoresha uburyo bwo kubafasha.
Henri fayol [Ubufaransa]
Henri Fayol，1841.7.29-1925.12
Abahanga mu by’imicungire, umuhanga mu by’imicungire, umuhanga mu by’ubutaka n’umurwanashyaka wa leta bahabwa icyubahiro nk’ “se w’inyigisho z’imicungire” n’abazakurikiraho, umwe mu bahagarariye inyigisho za kera z’imicungire, akaba n’uwashinze ishuri ry’imyitozo y’imicungire.
Ubuyobozi bw'inganda n'imicungire rusange ni cyo gikorwa cye cy'ingenzi cyane, kandi kurangiza kwacyo bigaragaza ishyirwaho ry'inyigisho y'imicungire rusange.
Ubuyobozi bw'inganda n'imicungire rusange ni igitabo cyanditswe n'umuhanga mu by'imicungire w'Umufaransa witwa henri fayol. Icyasohotse bwa mbere cyasohotse mu 1925. Iki gitabo ntikigaragaza gusa ivuka ry'inyigisho y'imicungire rusange, ahubwo ni igitabo cya kera cyakozwe mu bihe bitandukanye.
Iki gitabo kigabanyijemo ibice bibiri:
Igice cya mbere kivuga ku bikenewe n'ubushobozi bwo kwigisha imicungire;
Igice cya kabiri kivuga ku mahame n'ibice by'ubuyobozi.
Amarangamutima y'abagize ikipe ya 01
Wu Pengpeng, He Xiuli
【 Incamake】Ubuyobozi ni ugutegura, gutunganya, kuyobora, guhuza no kugenzura. Imirimo y'ubuyobozi iratandukanye cyane n'indi mirimo y'ibanze, bityo ntukivange imirimo y'ubuyobozi n'imirimo y'ubuyobozi.
[Ubumenyi] Ubuyobozi si ubushobozi ibigo byo mu rwego rwo hagati n’ibyo hejuru gusa bigomba kumenya. Ubuyobozi ni umurimo w’ibanze abayobozi n’abagize itsinda bagomba gukoresha. Akenshi hari abavuga ku kazi, nka: "Ndi injeniyeri gusa, sinkeneye kumenya imicungire, ngomba gukora gusa." Uku ni ugutekereza nabi. Ubuyobozi ni ikintu abantu bose bari mu mushinga bagomba kugiramo uruhare, nko gukora gahunda y’umushinga: igihe igikorwa cyitezweho kurangirira, n’ingaruka zizahura nazo. Iyo abitabiriye umushinga batabitekerejeho, gahunda yatanzwe n’umuyobozi w’itsinda ntabwo ishoboka, kandi ni ko bimeze no ku bandi. Buri wese agomba kuba afite inshingano ku mirimo ye bwite no ku mikorere ye yo gucunga imyitozo.
Qin Yajun na Chen Yi
Incamake: Gahunda y'ibikorwa igaragaza umusaruro ugomba kugerwaho, kandi igatanga inzira y'ibikorwa igomba gukurikizwa, intambwe zigomba kwambuka n'uburyo bugomba gukoreshwa.
[Kwiyumva] Gahunda z'ibikorwa zishobora kudufasha kugera ku ntego zacu neza no kunoza ireme n'imikorere myiza y'akazi kacu. Ku ntego, nk'uko byavuzwe mu mahugurwa ya ETP, igomba kuba ifite intego, yizewe mu isuzuma, ivuye ku mutima, inzira y'imiterere, kandi igihe nta muntu utegereje (Icyitegererezo cy'UMUTIMA). Hanyuma koresha igikoresho cya bamboo imicungire ORM kugira ngo usesengure intego, inzira n'intambwe bihuye nabyo ku mirimo igomba gukorwa, kandi ushyireho ingengabihe isobanutse ya buri cyiciro n'intambwe kugira ngo urebe ko gahunda irangiye ku gihe.
Jiang Jian Zhang Qi Y Yanchen
Incamake: Igisobanuro cy'ububasha gishingira ku mikorere, kandi icyubahiro cy'umuntu gituruka ku bwenge, ubumenyi, ubunararibonye, agaciro k'umuco, impano y'ubuyobozi, ubwitange n'ibindi. Nk'umuyobozi mwiza, icyubahiro cy'umuntu kigira uruhare runini mu kongera ububasha bwagenwe.
[Amarangamutima] Mu nyigisho z'ubuyobozi, ni ngombwa kuringaniza isano iri hagati y'ububasha n'icyubahiro. Nubwo ububasha bushobora gutanga ububasha n'ingaruka ku bayobozi, icyubahiro ku giti cyabo ni ingenzi cyane ku bayobozi. Umuyobozi ufite icyubahiro gikomeye ashobora kubona inkunga n'inkunga y'abakozi, bityo bigateza imbere iterambere ry'ikigo neza kurushaho. Abayobozi bashobora kunoza ubumenyi n'ubushobozi bwabo binyuze mu kwiga no gukora ibikorwa bihoraho; Gushyiraho isura nziza y'umuco binyuze mu myitwarire y'ukuri kandi yizewe, itabogamye; Kubaka imibanire ikomeye hagati y'abantu bita ku bakozi no kumva ibitekerezo byabo n'ibyifuzo byabo; Kugaragaza uburyo bw'ubuyobozi binyuze mu mwuka wo kwemera inshingano no gutinyuka gufata inshingano. Abayobozi bagomba kwitondera guteza imbere no kubungabunga icyubahiro cyabo mu gihe bakoresha ububasha. Kwishingikiriza ku bubasha cyane bishobora gutuma abakozi bananirwa, mu gihe kwirengagiza icyubahiro bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buyobozi bw'abayobozi. Kubwibyo, abayobozi bagomba gushaka uburinganire hagati y'ububasha n'icyubahiro kugira ngo bagere ku musaruro mwiza w'ubuyobozi.
Wu Pengpeng Ding Songlin Sun Wen
Incamake: Muri buri cyiciro cy’imibereho, umwuka wo guhanga udushya ushobora gushishikariza abantu gukunda akazi no kongera ingendo zabo. Uretse umwuka wo guhanga udushya w’abayobozi, umwuka wo guhanga udushya w’abakozi bose nawo urakenewe. Kandi ushobora kongera uwo muco igihe bibaye ngombwa. Iyi ni yo mbaraga ituma ikigo gikomera, cyane cyane mu bihe bigoye.
[Ibyiyumvo] Umwuka wo guhanga udushya ni imbaraga ikomeye mu guteza imbere iterambere ry’imibereho myiza, iterambere ry’ibigo n’iterambere ry’umuntu ku giti cye. Uko byagenda kose, ibigo cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo, bagomba guhora bahanga udushya kugira ngo bahuze n’ibidukikije bihora bihinduka. Umwuka wo guhanga udushya ushobora gushishikariza abantu gukunda akazi. Iyo abakozi bashishikajwe n’akazi kabo, bazitangira akazi kabo neza, bityo bakanoza imikorere n’ireme ry’akazi. Kandi umwuka wo guhanga udushya ni kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bishishikariza abakozi ishyaka. Mu kugerageza buri gihe uburyo bushya, ikoranabuhanga rishya n’ibitekerezo bishya, abakozi bashobora kwishimira akazi kabo bityo bagakunda akazi kabo cyane. Umwuka wo guhanga udushya ushobora kongera ubushobozi bw’abantu bwo kugenda. Mu gihe bahanganye n’ingorane n’ibibazo, abakozi bafite umwuka wo guhanga udushya bakunze guhura n’ingorane kandi bagerageza ibisubizo bishya babigiranye ubutwari. Uyu mwuka wo gutinyuka guhangana n’ibibazo ntushobora gufasha ibigo guhangana n’ibibazo gusa, ahubwo unazana amahirwe menshi yo gukura ku bakozi.
Zhang Dan, Kong Qingling
Incamake: Igenzura rigira uruhare mu ngingo zose, rishobora kugenzura abantu, ibintu n'imyitwarire yose. Mu rwego rw'ubuyobozi, igenzura ni ukureba ko gahunda z'ibigo zishyirwaho, zishyirwa mu bikorwa kandi zivugururwa ku gihe, n'ibindi.
[Kwiyumvamo] Kugenzura ni ukugereranya niba buri gikorwa gihuye na gahunda, gushaka inenge n'amakosa biri mu kazi, no kwemeza neza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda. Ubuyobozi ni ikintu gisanzwe, kandi akenshi duhura n'ibibazo, bityo tugomba gutekereza mbere y'igihe: uburyo bwo kubigenzura.
"Icyo abantu bakora si icyo usaba, ahubwo ni icyo ugenzura." Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho abakozi bageze mu zabukuru, akenshi hari abashinzwe kugenzura imikorere bizeye ko basobanukiwe gahunda n'uburyo byose bikorwa, ariko hari ibitagenda neza mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Iyo dusubije amaso inyuma kandi tugasuzuma, akenshi dushobora kungukira byinshi binyuze mu isuzuma rusange, hanyuma tugashyira mu ncamake inyungu mu ngingo z'ingenzi. Igishushanyo mbonera ni cyiza cyane mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Nubwo haba hari gahunda, igishushanyo mbonera n'uburyo bikorwa, ni ngombwa kugenzura no gushyira mu bikorwa inzira y'itumanaho ry'ingenzi.
Icya gatatu, dukurikije intego yashyizweho, tugomba guhuza umutungo binyuze mu itumanaho, tugasesengura intego, "intego ye ni iyihe, intego ye ni iyihe", tugahuza ku gihe ibyo abayobozi b'imishinga bakeneye mu gihe nyacyo, tugahuza kandi tukabafasha kugera ku ntego neza kurushaho.
Ibitekerezo by'umwarimu wa 02
Igitabo cyitwa "Inganda Management and General Management" ni igitabo gisanzwe mu bijyanye n'imicungire, gifite akamaro kanini mu gusobanukirwa no gusobanukirwa inyigisho n'imikorere y'imicungire. Mbere na mbere, Fa Yueer ifata imicungire nk'igikorwa cyigenga kandi ikagitandukanya n'indi mirimo y'ikigo. Iki gitekerezo kiduha uburyo bushya bwo kureba imicungire kandi kikadufasha gusobanukirwa neza akamaro n'ingenzi by'imicungire. Muri icyo gihe, Fa Yueer atekereza ko imicungire ari uburyo bw'ubumenyi buhamye, bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye bw'ikigo, buduha icyerekezo cyuzuye cyo kureba imicungire.
Icya kabiri, amahame 14 y’ubuyobozi yashyizweho na Fa Yueer afite akamaro kanini mu kuyobora imikorere y’ibigo n’imyitwarire y’abayobozi. Aya mahame agamije kugera ku ntego z’ibigo, nko kugabana abakozi, ububasha n’inshingano, disipuline, ubuyobozi buhuriweho, ubuyobozi buhuriweho n’ibindi. Aya mahame ni yo mahame shingiro agomba gukurikizwa mu micungire y’ibigo kandi agira uruhare runini mu kunoza imikorere n’inyungu by’ibigo.
Byongeye kandi, ibintu bitanu bya Fa Yueer mu micungire, ari byo igenamigambi, gahunda, amabwiriza, guhuza no kugenzura, biduha urwego rurambuye rwo gusobanukirwa inzira n'ingenzi by'imicungire. Ibi bintu bitanu bigize urwego rw'ibanze rw'imicungire, rufite akamaro kanini mu kutuyobora mu gushyira mu bikorwa inyigisho z'imicungire. Hanyuma, ndashimira cyane uburyo Fa Yueer yahuje uburyo bwinshi bwo gutekereza mu bya filozofiya mu gitabo cye. Ibi bituma iki gitabo kitaba igitabo cy'imiyoborere gusa, ahubwo kikaba n'igitabo cyuzuyemo ubwenge n'ubumenyi. Dusomye iki gitabo, dushobora gusobanukirwa neza igitekerezo n'akamaro k'imicungire, kumenya inyigisho n'imikorere y'imicungire, no gutanga ubuyobozi n'ubumenyi ku murimo wacu w'ejo hazaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2023