Ubushakashatsi buherutse gusohoka muriMikorobiyomuyakoze isesengura rya virusi ku nyamaswa nto 846 zo mu gasozi—harimo udusimba, imbeba, n'udusimba—zakusanyijwe muri Siyera Lewone, muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje virusi 39 zifitanye isano n'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa RNA, zigizwe na virusi 26 nshya na 13 zari zizwi mbere. Muri zo, umuryango wa Paramyxoviridae wagaragaje ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibinyabuzima, mu gihe imbeba zari zifite ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibinyabuzima byo mu bwoko bwa virusi (n = 26).
Isuzuma ry’ibyago byo kurwara indwara ya Zoonotic ryagaragaje virusi eshatu zizwi zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic - virusi ya encephalomyocarditis, virusi ya Lassa, na Rocahepevirus sp - ndetse na virusi eshatu zishobora gutera indwara yandura: virusi ya Melian, virusi ya hepatite y’imbeba, na virusi ya Hunnivirus A. By’umwihariko, muri virusi nshya zabonetse, virusi ya Bat ledantevirus 2 yagaragaje isano ya hafi cyane hagati ya virusi ya Le Dantec yanduza abantu. Isesengura rya serologiya ryagaragaje ko abasirikare barinda iyi virusi bagabanuka mu baturage 2.8% by’abaturage bo muri ako gace, bigaragaza ko hari abantu bahuye nayo mbere, kandi ko batari barigeze bayibona.
Ibi byavumbuwe bigaragaza ko hari ikigega kinini cy’udukoko twiganjemo imbeba muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba kandi bishimangira akamaro gakomeye ko gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo kugenzura mu buryo buhuriweho hagati y’abantu n’inyamaswa. Guhuza isuzuma rya metagenomike n’igenzura rya serologike bitanga uburyo bukomeye bwo kumenya virusi zishobora gukwirakwira mu binyabuzima ndetse n’izishobora kwanduzanya.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, indwara zandura zisaga 60% mu bantu zaturutse mu bigega by’inyamaswa, aho uducurama, imbeba, n’udusimba tw’inkoko twagaragaye nk’ibintu by’ingenzi bitera virusi zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic. Afurika ifatwa cyane nk’ahantu hakunze kugaragara indwara zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic. Urugero, Sierra Leone yagaragaje abantu barenga 28.000 banduye mu gihe cy’icyorezo cya Ebola cya 2014-2016.
Nubwo hari umutwaro munini w’indwara zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic muri aka karere, ubudasa n’ikwirakwira rya virusi mu nyamaswa nto zo mu gasozi ntibiragaragara bihagije. Kugira ngo iki cyuho gikemuke, abashakashatsi bakoze isesengura ryakozwe ku nyamaswa 846 zo mu gasozi zafashwe ahantu hatatu muri Siyera Lewone hagati ya 2018 na 2023. Ubu bushakashatsi bwari bugamije kugaragaza ubudasa bw’udukoko, kugaragaza abashobora kwanduzanya ubwoko butandukanye bw’udukoko, gusuzuma ibyago byo kwandura udukoko, no gutanga ibimenyetso bishyigikira uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare indwara zandura zigaragara.
Uburyo bw'ibanze
Ubushakashatsi bwakoresheje uburyo bwuzuye bwo gusuzuma metagenomics ya virusi:
- Icyitegererezo cyo gutunganya:Umutima, umwijima, urwagashya, ibihaha n'impyiko byakusanyijwe, bishyirwa hamwe, bigashyirwa hamwe, hanyuma bigakurwamo RNA yose.
- Gukurikirana no guteranya:Kugabanuka kwa RNA ya Ribosomal byakozwe mbere yo kubaka isomero, hagakurikiraho uburyo bwo gukora urutonde rw’ibintu byinshi hakoreshejwe urubuga rwa Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Ibice bya virusi byakusanyijwe kuva ku nshuro ya mbere.
- Kumenya virusi:Virusi zagaragaye hashingiwe ku guhuza imiterere ya RNA polymerase (RdRp) ishingiye kuri RNA. Virusi zifitanye isano n'ibinyabuzima bifite uruhu rw'umugongo ni zo zagumyeho gusa, hatarimo virusi za bagiteri, fungane n'ibimera.
- Isesengura ry'ibinyabuzima:Hakozwe isesengura ry’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima, isesengura ry’imyakura, igenamigambi ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bikwirakwira mu moko atandukanye, ndetse n’isuzuma ry’ibyago byo mu binyabuzima.
- Kwemeza serologiya:Hakozwe ikizamini cyo kurwanya virusi ya pseudovirus gishingiye kuri VSV cyakorewe kuri Bat ledantevirus 2. Udukoko dutera indwara twagaragaye muri 2.8% by'udukoko dutera indwara mu bantu, bigaragaza ko dushobora kwanduzanya indwara ya zoonotic.
InyigoIbisubizo
1. Kuvumbura virusi n'ubutandukanye
Ubu bushakashatsi bwakoze isesengura rya transcriptomic sequencing ku nyamaswa 846 zo mu gasozi zakusanyijwe muri Siyera Lewone, harimo imbeba, uducurama, n'udusimba. Hashingiwe ku miterere y’uturemangingo tw’uturemangingo twa RNA polymerase (RdRp) dushingiye kuri RNA, hagaragaye virusi 39 za RNA zifitanye isano n’inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa mammals, zigizwe na virusi 13 zari zizwi mbere na virusi 26 nshya.
Ku bijyanye n'imiterere ya virusi, umuryango wa Paramyxoviridae wagaragaje urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubusumbane mu byiciro bitatu by'ibinyabuzima, hagakurikiraho Astroviridae na Picornaviridae. Ku bijyanye n'ikwirakwizwa ry'ibinyabuzima, imbeba zagize uruhare runini mu busumbane bwa virusi, zifite ubwoko bwa virusi 26, bigaragaza uruhare rwazo nk'ububiko bw'ubusumbane bwa virusi muri ako karere.
2. Ingaruka zo mu binyabuzima (Zoonotic Invasion)
Isuzuma ry’ibyago byo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic ryagaragaje virusi eshatu zizwi zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic: virusi ya encephalomyocarditis, virusi ya Lassa, n’ubwoko bwa Rocahepevirus. Byongeye kandi, virusi eshatu—virusi ya Melian, virusi ya hepatite y’imbeba, na virusi ya Hunnivirusi A—zagaragaye ko zishobora kwanduzanya indwara.
Muri virusi 26 nshya zavumbuwe, enye zaravuzwe ko zifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kubyara abana hashingiwe ku miterere ya phylogenetike na genome. Ikigaragara ni uko virusi ya Bat ledantevirus 2 yagaragaje isano ya hafi cyane na virusi ya Le Dantec izwiho kwanduza abantu.
Iperereza ryakurikiyeho ryagaragaje ko ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abasirikare bagabanya ubukana bw’indwara ya Bat ledantevirus 2 bagaragaye muri 2.8% by’abaturage bo muri ako gace. Ibi bigaragaza ko ubwandu butamenyekanye cyangwa butagaragaza ibimenyetso bushobora kuba bwaragaragaye mu bantu, bigaragaza ko hari inzira ishobora kwanduzanya indwara ya zoonotic ariko itaramenyekana mbere.
3. Imiterere y'Ihererekanyamakuru ry'Ubwoko Butandukanye
Isesengura ry’uburyo imbeba zanduraga ubwoko butandukanye bw’icyorezo ryagaragaje ko imbeba zifite umwanya w’ingenzi mu miyoboro yo gusangira virusi, zigakora nk’ingingo z’ingenzi zorohereza ihererekanya rya virusi hagati y’ubwoko bw’icyorezo. Virusi 15 zose zagaragaye ko zishobora kwanduza ubwoko butandukanye bw’icyorezo.
Isesengura ryinyongera ry’imiterere y’ubwandu mu buryo butandukanye ryagaragaje ko gusangira virusi byakunze kubaho hagati y’ubwandu mu buryo bumwe, bigaragaza ko isano y’ubwandu igira uruhare runini mu mikorere y’ubwandu. Mu buryo bunyuranye, udusimba twagaragaje ubushobozi buke bwo kwanduzanya mu buryo butandukanye.
Icy'ingenzi ni uko ibimenyetso by'uko ibinyabuzima byagiye byiyongera byagaragaye muri virusi zimwe na zimwe. Urugero, virusi ya Melian, yari isanzwe ifatwa nk'iy'udusimba, nayo yagaragaye mu mbeba muri ubu bushakashatsi, bigaragaza ko hari impinduka mu buryo ibinyabuzima bishobora kwimenyera ndetse n'ibyago byinshi byo kwandura.
Umwanzuro n'ingaruka ku buzima rusange
- Ubwinshi bw'ibinyabuzima by'inka bito byo mu gasozi bifite ubwinshi bw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye:Kuvumbura virusi 39 za RNA, harimo n'ubwoko bushya 26, byagaragaje ko hari ububiko bunini bwa virusi muri ako karere kandi bigaragaza ku nshuro ya mbere virusi nshya zifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara zo mu bwoko bwa zoonotic (urugero, Bat ledantevirus 2).
- Imbeba nk'intego z'ibanze zo kugenzura:Imbeba zikora nk'ishingiro ry'ubwandu bwa virusi kandi zifite ubwoko bwinshi bwa virusi, bikaba ari byo bishobora gutera ibyago byinshi byo kwandura.
- Hakenewe ingamba zo kugenzura zihujwe:Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bishyigikira gushyira imbere imbeba muri gahunda zo kugenzura no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo buhuriweho buhuza metagenomics, serology, no kugenzura ibidukikije ku mbuga nkoranyambaga hagati y’abantu n’inyamaswa.
Muri rusange, ubu bushakashatsi butanga ibimenyetso by'ingenzi bishyigikira uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare n'uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibyago ku ndwara zivuka ku bana, bigashimangira akamaro ko kugenzura mu turere twibasiwe n'impanuka nyinshi.
Amakuru y'ibicuruzwa
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-23-2026