Udushya mu gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura: Guhuza amabwiriza ya OMS n'urubuga rwo gupima virusi ya HPV rwikora rwose

1. 1. Umutwaro w'indwara ya kanseri y'inkondo y'umura ku isi n'ibibazo byo gusuzuma indwara

Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura iracyari ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima rusange ku isi, nubwo ishobora kwirindwa binyuze mu gupimwa neza no gufashwa hakiri kare. Nk'uko bivugwa n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), mu 2022, hagaragaye abantu bashya bagera ku 662.000 banduye kanseri n'impfu 349.000 ku isi yose, ibi bikaba byarayishyize ku mwanya wa kane mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara cyane ndetse n'impamvu ya kane y'impfu ziterwa na kanseri mu bagore. Umutwaro w'indwara wibasiwe cyane mu bihugu bifite amikoro make n'aciriritse (LMICs), aho umubare w'abandura n'impfu uri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'abafite amikoro menshi. Biterwa ahanini no kutagira gahunda nziza zo gusuzuma no kuvura neza ibisebe bitarafatwa mbere y'uko habaho kanseri, byiyongeraho:

-Ibikorwa remezo byo kugenzura bidafite cyangwa bifite intege nke: Kutagira serivisi zo gusuzuma zigezweho kandi zinoze.

-Imbogamizi z'umutungo: Ibikorwaremezo bike bya laboratwari, ibikoresho bikonjesha, n'amashanyarazi yizewe.

-Ibura ry'abakozi: Kutagira abakozi bahuguwe muri laboratwari no mu buvuzi.

-Gutinda no gutsindwa mu gukurikirana: Igihe cyo gutinda hagati yo gukusanya ingero no kuboneka kw'ibisubizo, bigatera gutinda mu micungire y'ubuvuzi cyangwa abarwayi bakabura aho bakurikiranwa [1].
2. Inkomoko n'ishingiro rya molekile ry'ingirangingo z'inkondo y'umura

Kwandura indwara idakira iterwa na virusi ya papilloma y’umuntu (HR-HPV) ni impamvu y’ingenzi itera kanseri y’inkondo y’umura. Mu bwoko bwa HPV burenga 200 bwagaragaye, niburaUbwoko 12byashyizwe mu cyiciro cy’ibitera kanseri (Itsinda rya 1) n’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku Kanseri (IARC).

Ku rwego rwa molekile, kanseri iterwa na HPV iterwa ahanini na poroteyine za virusi za oncoproteins E6 na E7. E6 itera kwangirika kwa poroteyine igabanya ikibyimba p53, mu gihe E7 ihagarika imikorere ya poroteyine ya retinoblastoma (Rb), bigatuma uruhererekane rw'uturemangingo rudakora neza ndetse n'impinduka mbi.
 

3.Ingamba zo gusuzuma zisabwa na OMS

Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima usaba ko gupima aside nucleic acid (NAT) ari bwo buryo bw'ibanze bwo gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura bukoreshwa cyane.
Abaturage muri rusange:ADN ya HPV cyangwa NAT zishingiye kuri mRNA
Abagore babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA:NAT zishingiye kuri HPV ADN

Ibihe byo gusuzuma:
Abagore bari hagati y'imyaka 30 na 65: Buri myaka 5-10
Abagore babana n'ubwandu bwa virusi itera SIDA: Buri myaka 3–5

Ugereranije n'uburyo bushingiye ku buvuzi bw'indwara ya kanseri, gupima HPV bigaragazaubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu byinshikandi itangaagaciro gakomeye k'ubuhanuzi bw'ibintu bibi, bigatuma habaho igihe kirekire kandi gihendutse cyo gusuzuma.

4.OMS yibanda ku bicuruzwa byayo kugira ngo ipime HPV

OMS yashyizeho uburyo bwoUmwirondoro w'ibicuruzwa byitezwe (TPP)ku bipimo byo gupima HPV byagenewe gukoreshwa mu bice by’ibanze kandi bifite ubushobozi buke.[1]
Ibintu by'ingenzi biranga umuntu birimo:
- Ihuye n'ibipimo byikusanyirijwe hamwe
- Gutahura ubwoko bwinshi bwa HPV bufite ibyago byinshi (ubwoko ≥12)
- Igikorwa cy'abakozi batari abahuguwe muri laboratwari
- Ibisubizo biboneka mu gihe cy'isuzuma rimwe ry'ubuvuzi
Ibi bipimo bishyigikira gupima aho umuntu atuye ndetse n'ingamba zo "gupima no kuvura".

5.Urubuga rw'ikoranabuhanga rwo gupima HPV rufite ibyago byinshi rwo kwihutisha

Sisitemu ya AIO800 ya Macro & Micro-Test itangauburyo bw'imikorere bwikora bw'ingero zo gusubizaguhuza gukuramo aside nucleique, kongera imbaraga no kuyimenya hakurikijwe ingamba zo gusuzuma zisabwa na OMS.

5.1 Uburyo bwo gukora ikizamini cyo gusubiza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga

Uru rubuga ruhuza gukuramo aside nucleic, kongera imbaraga, no kuyimenya muri sisitemu imwe ifunze, isaba ko hagira uruhare runini mu kuyikoresha. Iyi miterere:

• -Bigabanya kwishingikiriza ku bakozi ba laboratwari bihariye
• -Igabanya ihindagurika ry'imikorere n'ibyago byo kwandura
• -Ifasha mu gushyiraho inzego z'ubuvuzi mu nzego z'ibanze

Muri icyo gihe, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukoresha imiti bushyigikira ikoreshwa muri laboratwari zihuriweho, bityo bigafasha gahunda nini zo gusuzuma.

5.2 Uburyo bwo gupima imiterere y'ibinyabuzima mu buryo bwagutse

Ubu buryo bupima ubwoko 14 bwa HPV bufite ibyago byinshi, harimo ubwoko bwose 12 butera kanseri bwashyizwe mu byiciro na IARC (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, na 59), ndetse na HPV66 na HPV68.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko itangaisesengura ry'imiterere y'ibinyabuzima ryihariyeibisubizo, bigatuma habaho ibyiciro by'ibyago no gucunga neza ubuvuzi.

5.3 Uburyo bwo gusesengura no kuvura ingaruka zabyo

Iyo habonetse kopi 300 ku gipimo cya mL, iyi sisitemu ishobora kumenya ubwandu bwa HPV bwo hasi butera:

• -Gutahura hakiri kare indwara zijyanye n'ubuvuzi
• -Agaciro k'iteganyagihe karushijeho kuba kabi
• -Inkunga yo gupima igihe kirekire

5.4 Inkunga yo kwifashisha mu gupima

Urubuga rujyanye na byombiIngero z'inkari zo mu mura n'ingero z'inkari zakusanyijwe n'umuntu ubweguhuza n'inama za OMS kugira ngo hakemurwe imbogamizi z'ingenzi ku isuzuma ry'indwara, harimo:

• -Kugera ku bigo nderabuzima bike
• -Ibibazo by'umuco mu mibereho myiza y'abaturage